550 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
550 lines
21 KiB
Plaintext
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OPENSSL-PKEYUTL 1ossl"
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.TH OPENSSL-PKEYUTL 1ossl "2024-03-21" "3.2.1" "OpenSSL"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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openssl\-pkeyutl \- public key algorithm command
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBpkeyutl\fR
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[\fB\-help\fR]
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[\fB\-in\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-rawin\fR]
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[\fB\-digest\fR \fIalgorithm\fR]
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[\fB\-out\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-sigfile\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR]
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[\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR]
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[\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-peerkey\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-peerform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR]
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[\fB\-pubin\fR]
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[\fB\-certin\fR]
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[\fB\-rev\fR]
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[\fB\-sign\fR]
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[\fB\-verify\fR]
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[\fB\-verifyrecover\fR]
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[\fB\-encrypt\fR]
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[\fB\-decrypt\fR]
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[\fB\-derive\fR]
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[\fB\-kdf\fR \fIalgorithm\fR]
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[\fB\-kdflen\fR \fIlength\fR]
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[\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR]
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[\fB\-pkeyopt_passin\fR \fIopt\fR[:\fIpassarg\fR]]
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[\fB\-hexdump\fR]
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[\fB\-asn1parse\fR]
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[\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR]
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[\fB\-engine_impl\fR]
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[\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR]
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[\fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR]
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[\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR]
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[\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR]
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[\fB\-config\fR \fIconfigfile\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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This command can be used to perform low-level public key
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operations using any supported algorithm.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-help"
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Print out a usage message.
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.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-in filename"
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This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input
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if this option is not specified.
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.IP "\fB\-rawin\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rawin"
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This indicates that the input data is raw data, which is not hashed by any
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message digest algorithm. The user can specify a digest algorithm by using
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the \fB\-digest\fR option. This option can only be used with \fB\-sign\fR and
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\&\fB\-verify\fR and must be used with the Ed25519 and Ed448 algorithms.
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.IP "\fB\-digest\fR \fIalgorithm\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-digest algorithm"
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This specifies the digest algorithm which is used to hash the input data before
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signing or verifying it with the input key. This option could be omitted if the
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signature algorithm does not require one (for instance, EdDSA). If this option
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is omitted but the signature algorithm requires one, a default value will be
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used. For signature algorithms like \s-1RSA, DSA\s0 and \s-1ECDSA, SHA\-256\s0 will be the
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default digest algorithm. For \s-1SM2,\s0 it will be \s-1SM3.\s0 If this option is present,
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then the \fB\-rawin\fR option must be also specified.
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.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-out filename"
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Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by
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default.
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.IP "\fB\-sigfile\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-sigfile file"
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Signature file, required for \fB\-verify\fR operations only
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.IP "\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-inkey filename|uri"
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The input key, by default it should be a private key.
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.IP "\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-keyform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE"
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The key format; unspecified by default.
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See \fIopenssl\-format\-options\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-passin arg"
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The input key password source. For more information about the format of \fIarg\fR
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see \fIopenssl\-passphrase\-options\fR\|(1).
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.IP "\fB\-peerkey\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-peerkey file"
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The peer key file, used by key derivation (agreement) operations.
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.IP "\fB\-peerform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-peerform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE"
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The peer key format; unspecified by default.
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See \fIopenssl\-format\-options\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-pubin"
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By default a private key is read from the key input.
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With this option a public key is read instead.
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If the input contains no public key but a private key, its public part is used.
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.IP "\fB\-certin\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-certin"
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The input is a certificate containing a public key.
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.IP "\fB\-rev\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rev"
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Reverse the order of the input buffer. This is useful for some libraries
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(such as CryptoAPI) which represent the buffer in little endian format.
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.IP "\fB\-sign\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-sign"
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Sign the input data (which must be a hash) and output the signed result. This
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requires a private key.
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.IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-verify"
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Verify the input data (which must be a hash) against the signature file and
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indicate if the verification succeeded or failed.
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.IP "\fB\-verifyrecover\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-verifyrecover"
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Verify the input data (which must be a hash) and output the recovered data.
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.IP "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-encrypt"
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Encrypt the input data using a public key.
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.IP "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-decrypt"
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Decrypt the input data using a private key.
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.IP "\fB\-derive\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-derive"
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Derive a shared secret using the peer key.
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.IP "\fB\-kdf\fR \fIalgorithm\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-kdf algorithm"
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Use key derivation function \fIalgorithm\fR. The supported algorithms are
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at present \fB\s-1TLS1\-PRF\s0\fR and \fB\s-1HKDF\s0\fR.
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Note: additional parameters and the \s-1KDF\s0 output length will normally have to be
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set for this to work.
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See \fIEVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md\fR\|(3) and \fIEVP_PKEY_CTX_set_tls1_prf_md\fR\|(3)
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for the supported string parameters of each algorithm.
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.IP "\fB\-kdflen\fR \fIlength\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-kdflen length"
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Set the output length for \s-1KDF.\s0
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.IP "\fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fIopt\fR:\fIvalue\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-pkeyopt opt:value"
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Public key options specified as opt:value. See \s-1NOTES\s0 below for more details.
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.IP "\fB\-pkeyopt_passin\fR \fIopt\fR[:\fIpassarg\fR]" 4
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.IX Item "-pkeyopt_passin opt[:passarg]"
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Allows reading a public key option \fIopt\fR from stdin or a password source.
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If only \fIopt\fR is specified, the user will be prompted to enter a password on
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stdin. Alternatively, \fIpassarg\fR can be specified which can be any value
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supported by \fIopenssl\-passphrase\-options\fR\|(1).
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.IP "\fB\-hexdump\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-hexdump"
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hex dump the output data.
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.IP "\fB\-asn1parse\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-asn1parse"
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Parse the \s-1ASN.1\s0 output data, this is useful when combined with the
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\&\fB\-verifyrecover\fR option when an \s-1ASN1\s0 structure is signed.
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.IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-engine id"
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See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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This option is deprecated.
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.IP "\fB\-engine_impl\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-engine_impl"
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When used with the \fB\-engine\fR option, it specifies to also use
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engine \fIid\fR for crypto operations.
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.IP "\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR, \fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rand files, -writerand file"
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See \*(L"Random State Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-provider name"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-provider-path path"
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.IP "\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-propquery propq"
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.PD
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See \*(L"Provider Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1), \fIprovider\fR\|(7), and \fIproperty\fR\|(7).
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.IP "\fB\-config\fR \fIconfigfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-config configfile"
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See \*(L"Configuration Option\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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.SH "NOTES"
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.IX Header "NOTES"
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The operations and options supported vary according to the key algorithm
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and its implementation. The OpenSSL operations and options are indicated below.
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.PP
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Unless otherwise mentioned all algorithms support the \fBdigest:\fR\fIalg\fR option
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which specifies the digest in use for sign, verify and verifyrecover operations.
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The value \fIalg\fR should represent a digest name as used in the
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\&\fIEVP_get_digestbyname()\fR function for example \fBsha1\fR. This value is not used to
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hash the input data. It is used (by some algorithms) for sanity-checking the
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lengths of data passed in and for creating the structures that make up the
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signature (e.g. \fBDigestInfo\fR in \s-1RSASSA\s0 PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures).
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.PP
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This command does not hash the input data (except where \-rawin is used) but
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rather it will use the data directly as input to the signature algorithm.
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Depending on the key type, signature type, and mode of padding, the maximum
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acceptable lengths of input data differ. The signed data can't be longer than
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the key modulus with \s-1RSA.\s0 In case of \s-1ECDSA\s0 and \s-1DSA\s0 the data shouldn't be longer
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than the field size, otherwise it will be silently truncated to the field size.
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In any event the input size must not be larger than the largest supported digest
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size.
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.PP
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In other words, if the value of digest is \fBsha1\fR the input should be the 20
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bytes long binary encoding of the \s-1SHA\-1\s0 hash function output.
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.SH "RSA ALGORITHM"
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.IX Header "RSA ALGORITHM"
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The \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm generally supports the encrypt, decrypt, sign,
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verify and verifyrecover operations. However, some padding modes
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support only a subset of these operations. The following additional
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\&\fBpkeyopt\fR values are supported:
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.IP "\fBrsa_padding_mode:\fR\fImode\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_padding_mode:mode"
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This sets the \s-1RSA\s0 padding mode. Acceptable values for \fImode\fR are \fBpkcs1\fR for
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PKCS#1 padding, \fBnone\fR for no padding, \fBoaep\fR
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for \fB\s-1OAEP\s0\fR mode, \fBx931\fR for X9.31 mode and \fBpss\fR for \s-1PSS.\s0
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.Sp
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In PKCS#1 padding, if the message digest is not set, then the supplied data is
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signed or verified directly instead of using a \fBDigestInfo\fR structure. If a
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digest is set, then the \fBDigestInfo\fR structure is used and its length
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must correspond to the digest type.
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.Sp
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Note, for \fBpkcs1\fR padding, as a protection against the Bleichenbacher attack,
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the decryption will not fail in case of padding check failures. Use \fBnone\fR
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and manual inspection of the decrypted message to verify if the decrypted
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value has correct PKCS#1 v1.5 padding.
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.Sp
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For \fBoaep\fR mode only encryption and decryption is supported.
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.Sp
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For \fBx931\fR if the digest type is set it is used to format the block data
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otherwise the first byte is used to specify the X9.31 digest \s-1ID.\s0 Sign,
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verify and verifyrecover are can be performed in this mode.
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.Sp
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For \fBpss\fR mode only sign and verify are supported and the digest type must be
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specified.
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.IP "\fBrsa_pss_saltlen:\fR\fIlen\fR" 4
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.IX Item "rsa_pss_saltlen:len"
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For \fBpss\fR mode only this option specifies the salt length. Three special
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values are supported: \fBdigest\fR sets the salt length to the digest length,
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\&\fBmax\fR sets the salt length to the maximum permissible value. When verifying
|
|
\&\fBauto\fR causes the salt length to be automatically determined based on the
|
|
\&\fB\s-1PSS\s0\fR block structure.
|
|
.IP "\fBrsa_mgf1_md:\fR\fIdigest\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rsa_mgf1_md:digest"
|
|
For \s-1PSS\s0 and \s-1OAEP\s0 padding sets the \s-1MGF1\s0 digest. If the \s-1MGF1\s0 digest is not
|
|
explicitly set in \s-1PSS\s0 mode then the signing digest is used.
|
|
.IP "\fBrsa_oaep_md:\fR\fIdigest\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rsa_oaep_md:digest"
|
|
Sets the digest used for the \s-1OAEP\s0 hash function. If not explicitly set then
|
|
\&\s-1SHA1\s0 is used.
|
|
.IP "\fBrsa_pkcs1_implicit_rejection:\fR\fIflag\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rsa_pkcs1_implicit_rejection:flag"
|
|
Disables (when set to 0) or enables (when set to 1) the use of implicit
|
|
rejection with PKCS#1 v1.5 decryption. When enabled (the default), as a
|
|
protection against Bleichenbacher attack, the library will generate a
|
|
deterministic random plaintext that it will return to the caller in case
|
|
of padding check failure.
|
|
When disabled, it's the callers' responsibility to handle the returned
|
|
errors in a side-channel free manner.
|
|
.SH "RSA-PSS ALGORITHM"
|
|
.IX Header "RSA-PSS ALGORITHM"
|
|
The RSA-PSS algorithm is a restricted version of the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm which only
|
|
supports the sign and verify operations with \s-1PSS\s0 padding. The following
|
|
additional \fB\-pkeyopt\fR values are supported:
|
|
.IP "\fBrsa_padding_mode:\fR\fImode\fR, \fBrsa_pss_saltlen:\fR\fIlen\fR, \fBrsa_mgf1_md:\fR\fIdigest\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "rsa_padding_mode:mode, rsa_pss_saltlen:len, rsa_mgf1_md:digest"
|
|
These have the same meaning as the \fB\s-1RSA\s0\fR algorithm with some additional
|
|
restrictions. The padding mode can only be set to \fBpss\fR which is the
|
|
default value.
|
|
.Sp
|
|
If the key has parameter restrictions then the digest, \s-1MGF1\s0
|
|
digest and salt length are set to the values specified in the parameters.
|
|
The digest and \s-1MG\s0 cannot be changed and the salt length cannot be set to a
|
|
value less than the minimum restriction.
|
|
.SH "DSA ALGORITHM"
|
|
.IX Header "DSA ALGORITHM"
|
|
The \s-1DSA\s0 algorithm supports signing and verification operations only. Currently
|
|
there are no additional \fB\-pkeyopt\fR options other than \fBdigest\fR. The \s-1SHA1\s0
|
|
digest is assumed by default.
|
|
.SH "DH ALGORITHM"
|
|
.IX Header "DH ALGORITHM"
|
|
The \s-1DH\s0 algorithm only supports the derivation operation and no additional
|
|
\&\fB\-pkeyopt\fR options.
|
|
.SH "EC ALGORITHM"
|
|
.IX Header "EC ALGORITHM"
|
|
The \s-1EC\s0 algorithm supports sign, verify and derive operations. The sign and
|
|
verify operations use \s-1ECDSA\s0 and derive uses \s-1ECDH. SHA1\s0 is assumed by default for
|
|
the \fB\-pkeyopt\fR \fBdigest\fR option.
|
|
.SH "X25519 AND X448 ALGORITHMS"
|
|
.IX Header "X25519 AND X448 ALGORITHMS"
|
|
The X25519 and X448 algorithms support key derivation only. Currently there are
|
|
no additional options.
|
|
.SH "ED25519 AND ED448 ALGORITHMS"
|
|
.IX Header "ED25519 AND ED448 ALGORITHMS"
|
|
These algorithms only support signing and verifying. OpenSSL only implements the
|
|
\&\*(L"pure\*(R" variants of these algorithms so raw data can be passed directly to them
|
|
without hashing them first. The option \fB\-rawin\fR must be used with these
|
|
algorithms with no \fB\-digest\fR specified. Additionally OpenSSL only supports
|
|
\&\*(L"oneshot\*(R" operation with these algorithms. This means that the entire file to
|
|
be signed/verified must be read into memory before processing it. Signing or
|
|
Verifying very large files should be avoided. Additionally the size of the file
|
|
must be known for this to work. If the size of the file cannot be determined
|
|
(for example if the input is stdin) then the sign or verify operation will fail.
|
|
.SH "SM2"
|
|
.IX Header "SM2"
|
|
The \s-1SM2\s0 algorithm supports sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt operations. For
|
|
the sign and verify operations, \s-1SM2\s0 requires an Distinguishing \s-1ID\s0 string to
|
|
be passed in. The following \fB\-pkeyopt\fR value is supported:
|
|
.IP "\fBdistid:\fR\fIstring\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "distid:string"
|
|
This sets the \s-1ID\s0 string used in \s-1SM2\s0 sign or verify operations. While verifying
|
|
an \s-1SM2\s0 signature, the \s-1ID\s0 string must be the same one used when signing the data.
|
|
Otherwise the verification will fail.
|
|
.IP "\fBhexdistid:\fR\fIhex_string\fR" 4
|
|
.IX Item "hexdistid:hex_string"
|
|
This sets the \s-1ID\s0 string used in \s-1SM2\s0 sign or verify operations. While verifying
|
|
an \s-1SM2\s0 signature, the \s-1ID\s0 string must be the same one used when signing the data.
|
|
Otherwise the verification will fail. The \s-1ID\s0 string provided with this option
|
|
should be a valid hexadecimal value.
|
|
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
|
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
|
Sign some data using a private key:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-sign \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-out sig
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Recover the signed data (e.g. if an \s-1RSA\s0 key is used):
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-verifyrecover \-in sig \-inkey key.pem
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Verify the signature (e.g. a \s-1DSA\s0 key):
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-verify \-in file \-sigfile sig \-inkey key.pem
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Sign data using a message digest value (this is currently only valid for \s-1RSA\s0):
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-sign \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-out sig \-pkeyopt digest:sha256
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Derive a shared secret value:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 1
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-derive \-inkey key.pem \-peerkey pubkey.pem \-out secret
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Hexdump 48 bytes of \s-1TLS1 PRF\s0 using digest \fB\s-1SHA256\s0\fR and shared secret and
|
|
seed consisting of the single byte 0xFF:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-kdf TLS1\-PRF \-kdflen 48 \-pkeyopt md:SHA256 \e
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt hexsecret:ff \-pkeyopt hexseed:ff \-hexdump
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Derive a key using \fBscrypt\fR where the password is read from command line:
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-kdf scrypt \-kdflen 16 \-pkeyopt_passin pass \e
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt hexsalt:aabbcc \-pkeyopt N:16384 \-pkeyopt r:8 \-pkeyopt p:1
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Derive using the same algorithm, but read key from environment variable \s-1MYPASS:\s0
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-kdf scrypt \-kdflen 16 \-pkeyopt_passin pass:env:MYPASS \e
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt hexsalt:aabbcc \-pkeyopt N:16384 \-pkeyopt r:8 \-pkeyopt p:1
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Sign some data using an \s-1\fISM2\s0\fR\|(7) private key and a specific \s-1ID:\s0
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-sign \-in file \-inkey sm2.key \-out sig \-rawin \-digest sm3 \e
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt distid:someid
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Verify some data using an \s-1\fISM2\s0\fR\|(7) certificate and a specific \s-1ID:\s0
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-verify \-certin \-in file \-inkey sm2.cert \-sigfile sig \e
|
|
\& \-rawin \-digest sm3 \-pkeyopt distid:someid
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.PP
|
|
Decrypt some data using a private key with \s-1OAEP\s0 padding using \s-1SHA256:\s0
|
|
.PP
|
|
.Vb 2
|
|
\& openssl pkeyutl \-decrypt \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-out secret \e
|
|
\& \-pkeyopt rsa_padding_mode:oaep \-pkeyopt rsa_oaep_md:sha256
|
|
.Ve
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-genpkey\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-pkey\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-rsautl\fR\|(1)
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-dgst\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-rsa\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-genrsa\fR\|(1),
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-kdf\fR\|(1)
|
|
\&\fIEVP_PKEY_CTX_set_hkdf_md\fR\|(3),
|
|
\&\fIEVP_PKEY_CTX_set_tls1_prf_md\fR\|(3),
|
|
.SH "HISTORY"
|
|
.IX Header "HISTORY"
|
|
The \fB\-engine\fR option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
|
Copyright 2006\-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
|
.PP
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
|
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
|
|
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|