1709 lines
168 KiB
HTML
1709 lines
168 KiB
HTML
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<meta name="citation_pii" content="S0047248498902196" />
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<meta name="citation_publisher" content="Academic Press" />
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<meta name="citation_firstpage" content="623" />
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<meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Journal of Human Evolution" />
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<meta name="citation_doi" content="10.1006/jhev.1998.0219" />
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<meta name="dc.identifier" content="10.1006/jhev.1998.0219" />
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<meta name="citation_article_type" content="Full-length article" />
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<meta property="og:description" content="The “Weak Garden of Eden” model for the origin and dispersal of modern humans (Harpendinget al., 1993) posits that modern humans spread into separate …" />
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<meta name="citation_title" content="Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans" />
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<meta property="og:title" content="Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans" />
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<meta name="citation_publication_date" content="1998/06/01" />
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<meta name="citation_online_date" content="2002/05/25" />
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Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans - ScienceDirect
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<a title="Go to table of contents for this volume/issue" href="/science/journal/00472484/34/6">Volume 34, Issue 6</a>, <!-- -->June 1998<!-- -->, Pages 623-651
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<span>Regular Article</span><span class="title-text">Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans</span><a name="baep-article-footnote-id1" href="#aep-article-footnote-id1" class="workspace-trigger label" id="baep-article-footnote-id1">☆</a>
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<span class="sr-only">Author links open overlay panel</span><a class="author size-m workspace-trigger" name="baep-author-id2" href="#!" id="baep-author-id2"><span class="content"><span class="text given-name">Stanley H.</span><span class="text surname">Ambrose</span></span></a>
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<a class="doi" href="https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1998.0219" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" aria-label="Persistent link using digital object identifier" title="Persistent link using digital object identifier">https://doi.org/10.1006/jhev.1998.0219</a><a class="rights-and-content" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://s100.copyright.com/AppDispatchServlet?publisherName=ELS&contentID=S0047248498902196&orderBeanReset=true">Get rights and content</a>
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Abstract
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<p id="simple-para0005">
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The “Weak Garden of Eden” model for the origin and dispersal of modern humans (Harpending<em>et al.</em>, 1993) posits that modern humans spread into separate regions from a restricted source, around 100<!-- --> <!-- -->ka (thousand years ago), then passed through population bottlenecks. Around 50<!-- --> <!-- -->ka, dramatic growth occurred within dispersed populations that were genetically isolated from each other. Population growth began earliest in Africa and later in Eurasia and is hypothesized to have been caused by the invention and spread of a more efficient Later Stone Age/Upper Paleolithic technology, which developed in equatorial Africa.
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<p id="simple-para0010">
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Climatic and geological evidence suggest an alternative hypothesis for Late Pleistocene population bottlenecks and releases. The last glacial period was preceded by one thousand years of the coldest temperatures of the Later Pleistocene (∼71–70<!-- --> <!-- -->ka), apparently caused by the eruption of Toba, Sumatra. Toba was the largest known explosive eruption of the Quaternary. Toba's volcanic winter could have decimated most modern human populations, especially outside of isolated tropical refugia. Release from the bottleneck could have occurred either at the end of this hypercold phase, or 10,000 years later, at the transition from cold oxygen isotope stage 4 to warmer stage 3. The largest populations surviving through the bottleneck should have been found in the largest tropical refugia, and thus in equatorial Africa. High genetic diversity in modern Africans may thus reflect a less severe bottleneck rather than earlier population growth.
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<p id="simple-para0015">
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Volcanic winter may have reduced populations to levels low enough for founder effects, genetic drift and local adaptations to produce rapid population differentiation. If Toba caused the bottlenecks, then modern human races may have differentiated abruptly, only 70 thousand years ago.
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Keywords
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<div class="keyword">
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<span>human evolution</span>
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<div class="keyword">
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<span>population bottleneck</span>
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<span>founder effect</span>
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<span>race</span>
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<span>climate change</span>
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<span>volcanic winter</span>
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<span>Africa</span>
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<span>Palaeolithic archaeology</span>
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<sup><a href="#baep-article-footnote-id1">☆</a></sup>
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P. Mellars
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<sup><a href="#bF1">f1</a></sup>
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E-mail: Ambrose@uiuc.edu
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{"abstracts":{"content":[{"$$":[{"#name":"section-title","_":"Abstract"},{"$$":[{"$$":[{"#name":"__text__","_":"The “Weak Garden of Eden” model for the origin and dispersal of modern humans (Harpending"},{"#name":"italic","_":"et al."},{"#name":"__text__","_":", 1993) posits that modern humans spread into separate regions from a restricted source, around 100"},{"$":{"sp":"0.2"},"#name":"hsp"},{"#name":"__text__","_":"ka (thousand years ago), then passed through population bottlenecks. Around 50"},{"$":{"sp":"0.2"},"#name":"hsp"},{"#name":"__text__","_":"ka, dramatic growth occurred within dispersed populations that were genetically isolated from each other. Population growth began earliest in Africa and later in Eurasia and is hypothesized to have been caused by the invention and spread of a more efficient Later Stone Age/Upper Paleolithic technology, which developed in equatorial Africa."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"simple-para0005"},"#name":"simple-para"},{"$$":[{"#name":"__text__","_":"Climatic and geological evidence suggest an alternative hypothesis for Late Pleistocene population bottlenecks and releases. The last glacial period was preceded by one thousand years of the coldest temperatures of the Later Pleistocene (∼71–70"},{"$":{"sp":"0.2"},"#name":"hsp"},{"#name":"__text__","_":"ka), apparently caused by the eruption of Toba, Sumatra. Toba was the largest known explosive eruption of the Quaternary. Toba's volcanic winter could have decimated most modern human populations, especially outside of isolated tropical refugia. Release from the bottleneck could have occurred either at the end of this hypercold phase, or 10,000 years later, at the transition from cold oxygen isotope stage 4 to warmer stage 3. The largest populations surviving through the bottleneck should have been found in the largest tropical refugia, and thus in equatorial Africa. High genetic diversity in modern Africans may thus reflect a less severe bottleneck rather than earlier population growth."}],"$":{"view":"all","id":"simple-para0010"},"#name":"simple-para"},{"$":{"view":"all","id":"simple-para0015"},"#name":"simple-para","_":"Volcanic winter may have reduced populations to levels low enough for founder effects, genetic drift and local adaptations to produce rapid population differentiation. 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if(data.hasOwnProperty(x) && data[x] instanceof Array) {
|
||
pageData[x] = data[x];
|
||
} else if(data.hasOwnProperty(x) && typeof(data[x]) === 'object') {
|
||
if(!pageData[x]) {
|
||
pageData[x] = {};
|
||
}
|
||
for (var y in data[x]) {
|
||
if(data[x].hasOwnProperty(y)) {
|
||
pageData[x][y] = data[x][y];
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
this.setAnalyticsData();
|
||
case 'saveSearch':
|
||
case 'searchResultsUpdated':
|
||
if (data) {
|
||
// overwrite page-load object
|
||
if (data.search && typeof(data.search) == 'object') {
|
||
window.eventData.search.resultsPosition = '';
|
||
pageData.search = pageData.search || {};
|
||
var fields = ['advancedCriteria', 'criteria', 'currentPage', 'dataFormCriteria', 'facets', 'resultsByType', 'resultsPerPage', 'sortType', 'totalResults', 'type', 'database',
|
||
'suggestedClickPosition','suggestedLetterCount','suggestedResultCount', 'autoSuggestCategory', 'autoSuggestDetails','typedTerm','selectedTerm', 'channel',
|
||
'facetOperation', 'details'];
|
||
for (var i=0; i<fields.length; i++) {
|
||
if (data.search[fields[i]]) {
|
||
pageData.search[fields[i]] = data.search[fields[i]];
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
this.setAnalyticsData();
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'navigationClick':
|
||
if (data && data.link) {
|
||
window.eventData.navigationLink = {
|
||
name: ((data.link.location || 'no location') + ':' + (data.link.name || 'no name'))
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'autoSuggestClick':
|
||
if (data && data.search) {
|
||
val = {
|
||
autoSuggestSearchData: (
|
||
'letterct:' + (data.search.suggestedLetterCount || 'none') +
|
||
'|resultct:' + (data.search.suggestedResultCount || 'none') +
|
||
'|clickpos:' + (data.search.suggestedClickPosition || 'none')
|
||
).toLowerCase(),
|
||
autoSuggestSearchTerm: (data.search.typedTerm || ''),
|
||
autoSuggestTypedTerm: (data.search.typedTerm || ''),
|
||
autoSuggestSelectedTerm: (data.search.selectedTerm || ''),
|
||
autoSuggestCategory: (data.search.autoSuggestCategory || ''),
|
||
autoSuggestDetails: (data.search.autoSuggestDetails || '')
|
||
};
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'linkOut':
|
||
if (data && data.content && data.content.length > 0) {
|
||
window.eventData.linkOut = data.content[0].linkOut;
|
||
window.eventData.referringProduct = _satellite.getVar('Page - Product Name') + ':' + data.content[0].id;
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'socialShare':
|
||
if (data && data.social) {
|
||
window.eventData.sharePlatform = data.social.sharePlatform || '';
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'contentInteraction':
|
||
if (data && data.action) {
|
||
window.eventData.action.name = pageData.page.productName + ':' + data.action.name;
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'searchWithinContent':
|
||
if (data && data.search) {
|
||
window.pageData.search = window.pageData.search || {};
|
||
pageData.search.withinContentCriteria = data.search.withinContentCriteria;
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'contentShare':
|
||
if (data && data.content) {
|
||
window.eventData.sharePlatform = data.content[0].sharePlatform;
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'contentLinkClick':
|
||
if (data && data.link) {
|
||
window.eventData.action = { name: pageData.page.productName + ':' + (data.link.type || 'no link type') + ':' + (data.link.name || 'no link name') };
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'contentWindowLoad':
|
||
case 'contentTabClick':
|
||
if (data && data.content) {
|
||
window.eventData.tabName = data.content[0].tabName || '';
|
||
window.eventData.windowName = data.content[0].windowName || '';
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'userProfileUpdate':
|
||
if (data && data.user) {
|
||
if (Object.prototype.toString.call(data.user) === "[object Array]") {
|
||
window.eventData.user = data.user[0];
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'videoStart':
|
||
if (data.video) {
|
||
data.video.length = parseFloat(data.video.length || '0');
|
||
data.video.position = parseFloat(data.video.position || '0');
|
||
s.Media.open(data.video.id, data.video.length, s.Media.playerName);
|
||
s.Media.play(data.video.id, data.video.position);
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'videoPlay':
|
||
if (data.video) {
|
||
data.video.position = parseFloat(data.video.position || '0');
|
||
s.Media.play(data.video.id, data.video.position);
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'videoStop':
|
||
if (data.video) {
|
||
data.video.position = parseFloat(data.video.position || '0');
|
||
s.Media.stop(data.video.id, data.video.position);
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'videoComplete':
|
||
if (data.video) {
|
||
data.video.position = parseFloat(data.video.position || '0');
|
||
s.Media.stop(data.video.id, data.video.position);
|
||
s.Media.close(data.video.id);
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
case 'addWebsiteExtension':
|
||
if(data && data.page) {
|
||
val = {
|
||
wx: data.page.websiteExtension
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
break;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (val) {
|
||
this.setCookie(this.eventCookieName, val);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,registerCallbacks: function() {
|
||
var self = this;
|
||
if(window.usabilla_live) {
|
||
window.usabilla_live('setEventCallback', function(category, action, label, value) {
|
||
if(action == 'Campaign:Open') {
|
||
self.trackEvent('ctaImpression', {
|
||
cta: {
|
||
ids: ['usabillaid:' + label]
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
} else if(action == 'Campaign:Success') {
|
||
self.trackEvent('ctaClick', {
|
||
cta: {
|
||
ids: ['usabillaid:' + label]
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getConsortiumAccountId: function() {
|
||
var id = '';
|
||
if (window.pageData && pageData.visitor && (pageData.visitor.consortiumId || pageData.visitor.accountId)) {
|
||
id = (pageData.visitor.consortiumId || 'no consortium ID') + '|' + (pageData.visitor.accountId || 'no account ID');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return id;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getSearchClickPosition: function() {
|
||
if (window.eventData && eventData.search && eventData.search.resultsPosition) {
|
||
var pos = parseInt(eventData.search.resultsPosition), clickPos;
|
||
if (!isNaN(pos)) {
|
||
var page = pageData.search.currentPage ? parseInt(pageData.search.currentPage) : '', perPage = pageData.search.resultsPerPage ? parseInt(pageData.search.resultsPerPage) : '';
|
||
if (!isNaN(page) && !isNaN(perPage)) {
|
||
clickPos = pos + ((page - 1) * perPage);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
return clickPos ? clickPos.toString() : eventData.search.resultsPosition;
|
||
}
|
||
return '';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getSearchFacets: function() {
|
||
var facetList = '';
|
||
if (window.pageData && pageData.search && pageData.search.facets) {
|
||
if (typeof(pageData.search.facets) == 'object') {
|
||
for (var i=0; i<pageData.search.facets.length; i++) {
|
||
var f = pageData.search.facets[i];
|
||
facetList += (facetList ? '|' : '') + f.name + '=' + f.values.join('^');
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
return facetList;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getSearchResultsByType: function() {
|
||
var resultTypes = '';
|
||
if (window.pageData && pageData.search && pageData.search.resultsByType) {
|
||
for (var i=0; i<pageData.search.resultsByType.length; i++) {
|
||
var r = pageData.search.resultsByType[i];
|
||
resultTypes += (resultTypes ? '|' : '') + r.name + (r.results || r.values ? '=' + (r.results || r.values) : '');
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
return resultTypes;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getJournalInfo: function() {
|
||
var info = '';
|
||
if (window.pageData && pageData.journal && (pageData.journal.name || pageData.journal.specialty || pageData.journal.section || pageData.journal.issn || pageData.journal.issueNumber || pageData.journal.volumeNumber)) {
|
||
var journal = pageData.journal;
|
||
return (journal.name || 'no name') + '|' + (journal.specialty || 'no specialty') + '|' + (journal.section || 'no section') + '|' + (journal.issn || 'no issn') + '|' + (journal.issueNumber || 'no issue #') + '|' + (journal.volumeNumber || 'no volume #');
|
||
}
|
||
return info;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getBibliographicInfo: function(doc) {
|
||
if (!doc || !(doc.publisher || doc.indexTerms || doc.publicationType || doc.publicationRights || doc.volumeNumber || doc.issueNumber || doc.subjectAreas || doc.isbn)) {
|
||
return '';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var terms = doc.indexTerms ? doc.indexTerms.split('+') : '';
|
||
if (terms) {
|
||
terms = terms.slice(0, 5).join('+');
|
||
terms = terms.length > 100 ? terms.substring(0, 100) : terms;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var areas = doc.subjectAreas ? doc.subjectAreas.split('>') : '';
|
||
if (areas) {
|
||
areas = areas.slice(0, 5).join('>');
|
||
areas = areas.length > 100 ? areas.substring(0, 100) : areas;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var biblio = (doc.publisher || 'none')
|
||
+ '^' + (doc.publicationType || 'none')
|
||
+ '^' + (doc.publicationRights || 'none')
|
||
+ '^' + (terms || 'none')
|
||
+ '^' + (doc.volumeNumber || 'none')
|
||
+ '^' + (doc.issueNumber || 'none')
|
||
+ '^' + (areas || 'none')
|
||
+ '^' + (doc.isbn || 'none');
|
||
|
||
return this.stripProductDelimiters(biblio).toLowerCase();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getContentItem: function() {
|
||
var docs = window.eventData && eventData.content ? eventData.content : pageData.content;
|
||
if (docs && docs.length > 0) {
|
||
return docs[0];
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getFormattedDate: function(ts) {
|
||
if (!ts) {
|
||
return '';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var d = new Date(parseInt(ts) * 1000);
|
||
|
||
// now do formatting
|
||
var year = d.getFullYear()
|
||
,month = ((d.getMonth() + 1) < 10 ? '0' : '') + (d.getMonth() + 1)
|
||
,date = (d.getDate() < 10 ? '0' : '') + d.getDate()
|
||
,hours = d.getHours() > 12 ? d.getHours() - 12 : d.getHours()
|
||
,mins = (d.getMinutes() < 10 ? '0' : '') + d.getMinutes()
|
||
,ampm = d.getHours() > 12 ? 'pm' : 'am';
|
||
|
||
hours = (hours < 10 ? '0' : '') + hours;
|
||
return year + '-' + month + '-' + date;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,getVisitorId: function() {
|
||
var orgId = '4D6368F454EC41940A4C98A6@AdobeOrg';
|
||
if(Visitor && Visitor.getInstance(orgId)) {
|
||
return Visitor.getInstance(orgId).getMarketingCloudVisitorID();
|
||
} else {
|
||
return ''
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
,setProductsVariable: function() {
|
||
var prodList = window.eventData && eventData.content ? eventData.content : pageData.content
|
||
,prods = [];
|
||
if (prodList) {
|
||
for (var i=0; i<prodList.length; i++) {
|
||
if (prodList[i].id || prodList[i].type || prodList[i].publishDate || prodList[i].onlineDate) {
|
||
if (!prodList[i].id) {
|
||
prodList[i].id = 'no id';
|
||
}
|
||
var prodName = (pageData.page.productName || 'xx').toLowerCase();
|
||
if (prodList[i].id.indexOf(prodName + ':') != 0) {
|
||
prodList[i].id = prodName + ':' + prodList[i].id;
|
||
}
|
||
prodList[i].id = this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].id);
|
||
var merch = [];
|
||
if (prodList[i].format) {
|
||
merch.push('evar17=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].format.toLowerCase()));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].type) {
|
||
var type = prodList[i].type;
|
||
if (prodList[i].accessType) {
|
||
type += ':' + prodList[i].accessType;
|
||
}
|
||
merch.push('evar20=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(type.toLowerCase()));
|
||
}
|
||
if(!prodList[i].title) {
|
||
prodList[i].title = prodList[i].name;
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].title) {
|
||
merch.push('evar75=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].title.toLowerCase()));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].breadcrumb) {
|
||
merch.push('evar63=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].breadcrumb).toLowerCase());
|
||
}
|
||
var nowTs = new Date().getTime()/1000;
|
||
if (prodList[i].onlineDate && !isNaN(prodList[i].onlineDate)) {
|
||
if(prodList[i].onlineDate > 32503680000) {
|
||
prodList[i].onlineDate = prodList[i].onlineDate/1000;
|
||
}
|
||
merch.push('evar122=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(pageDataTracker.getFormattedDate(prodList[i].onlineDate)));
|
||
var onlineAge = Math.floor((nowTs - prodList[i].onlineDate) / 86400);
|
||
onlineAge = (onlineAge === 0) ? 'zero' : onlineAge;
|
||
merch.push('evar128=' + onlineAge);
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].publishDate && !isNaN(prodList[i].publishDate)) {
|
||
if(prodList[i].publishDate > 32503680000) {
|
||
prodList[i].publishDate = prodList[i].publishDate/1000;
|
||
}
|
||
merch.push('evar123=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(pageDataTracker.getFormattedDate(prodList[i].publishDate)));
|
||
var publishAge = Math.floor((nowTs - prodList[i].publishDate) / 86400);
|
||
publishAge = (publishAge === 0) ? 'zero' : publishAge;
|
||
merch.push('evar127=' + publishAge);
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].onlineDate && prodList[i].publishDate) {
|
||
merch.push('evar38=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(pageDataTracker.getFormattedDate(prodList[i].onlineDate) + '^' + pageDataTracker.getFormattedDate(prodList[i].publishDate)));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].mapId) {
|
||
merch.push('evar70=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].mapId));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].relevancyScore) {
|
||
merch.push('evar71=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].relevancyScore));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].status) {
|
||
merch.push('evar73=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].status));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].previousStatus) {
|
||
merch.push('evar111=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].previousStatus));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].entitlementType) {
|
||
merch.push('evar80=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].entitlementType));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].recordType) {
|
||
merch.push('evar93=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].recordType));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].exportType) {
|
||
merch.push('evar99=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].exportType));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].importType) {
|
||
merch.push('evar142=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].importType));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].section) {
|
||
merch.push('evar100=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].section));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].detail) {
|
||
merch.push('evar104=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].detail.toLowerCase()));
|
||
} else if(prodList[i].details) {
|
||
merch.push('evar104=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].details.toLowerCase()));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].position) {
|
||
merch.push('evar116=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].position));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].publicationTitle) {
|
||
merch.push('evar129=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].publicationTitle));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].specialIssueTitle) {
|
||
merch.push('evar130=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].specialIssueTitle));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].specialIssueNumber) {
|
||
merch.push('evar131=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].specialIssueNumber));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].referenceModuleTitle) {
|
||
merch.push('evar139=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].referenceModuleTitle));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].referenceModuleISBN) {
|
||
merch.push('evar140=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].referenceModuleISBN));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].volumeTitle) {
|
||
merch.push('evar132=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].volumeTitle));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].publicationSection) {
|
||
merch.push('evar133=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].publicationSection));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].publicationSpecialty) {
|
||
merch.push('evar134=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].publicationSpecialty));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].issn) {
|
||
merch.push('evar135=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].issn));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].id2) {
|
||
merch.push('evar159=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].id2));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].id3) {
|
||
merch.push('evar160=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].id3));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].provider) {
|
||
merch.push('evar164=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].provider));
|
||
}
|
||
if (prodList[i].citationStyle) {
|
||
merch.push('evar170=' + this.stripProductDelimiters(prodList[i].citationStyle));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var biblio = this.getBibliographicInfo(prodList[i]);
|
||
if (biblio) {
|
||
merch.push('evar28=' + biblio);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (prodList[i].turnawayId) {
|
||
pageData.eventList.push('product turnaway');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var price = prodList[i].price || '', qty = prodList[i].quantity || '', evts = [];
|
||
if (price && qty) {
|
||
qty = parseInt(qty || '1');
|
||
price = parseFloat(price || '0');
|
||
price = (price * qty).toFixed(2);
|
||
|
||
if (window.eventData && eventData.eventName && eventData.eventName == 'cartAdd') {
|
||
evts.push('event20=' + price);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var type = window.pageData && pageData.page && pageData.page.type ? pageData.page.type : '', evt = window.eventData && eventData.eventName ? eventData.eventName : '';
|
||
if (type.match(/^CP\-/gi) !== null && (!evt || evt == 'newPage' || evt == 'contentView')) {
|
||
evts.push('event181=1');
|
||
}
|
||
if (evt == 'contentDownload' || type.match(/^CP\-DL/gi) !== null) {
|
||
evts.push('event182=1');
|
||
}
|
||
if (evt == 'contentExport') {
|
||
evts.push('event184=1');
|
||
}
|
||
if (this.eventFires('recommendationViews')) {
|
||
evts.push('event264=1');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if(prodList[i].datapoints) {
|
||
evts.push('event239=' + prodList[i].datapoints);
|
||
}
|
||
if(prodList[i].documents) {
|
||
evts.push('event240=' + prodList[i].documents);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
prods.push([
|
||
'' // empty category
|
||
,prodList[i].id // id
|
||
,qty // qty
|
||
,price // price
|
||
,evts.join('|') // events
|
||
,merch.join('|') // merchandising eVars
|
||
].join(';'));
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return prods.join(',');
|
||
}
|
||
,eventFires: function(eventName) {
|
||
var evt = window.eventData && eventData.eventName ? eventData.eventName : '';
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||
if(evt == eventName) {
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|
||
// initial pageload and new pages
|
||
if((!window.eventData || evt == 'newPage') && window.pageData && window.pageData.trackEvents) {
|
||
var tEvents = window.pageData.trackEvents;
|
||
for(var i=0; i<tEvents.length; i++) {
|
||
if(tEvents[i] == eventName) {
|
||
return true;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
return false;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
}
|
||
|
||
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|
||
domain = document.location.hostname;
|
||
var expires = '';
|
||
var expiresNow = '';
|
||
var date = new Date();
|
||
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (-1 * 1000));
|
||
expiresNow = "; expires=" + date.toGMTString();
|
||
|
||
if (typeof(seconds) != 'undefined') {
|
||
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (seconds * 1000));
|
||
expires = '; expires=' + date.toGMTString();
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
var type = typeof(value);
|
||
type = type.toLowerCase();
|
||
if (type != 'undefined' && type != 'string') {
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
// fix scoping issues
|
||
// keep writing the old cookie, but make it expire
|
||
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|
||
|
||
// now just set the right one
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
var carray = document.cookie.split(';'), value;
|
||
|
||
for (var i=0; i<carray.length; i++) {
|
||
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|
||
while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') {
|
||
c = c.substring(1, c.length);
|
||
}
|
||
if (c.indexOf(name) == 0) {
|
||
value = c.substring(name.length, c.length);
|
||
try {
|
||
value = JSON.parse(value);
|
||
} catch(ex) {}
|
||
|
||
return value;
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return null;
|
||
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|
||
|
||
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|
||
this.setCookie(name, '', -1);
|
||
this.setCookie(name, '', -1, document.location.hostname);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
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|
||
var vars = {
|
||
pageName : 'Page - Analytics Pagename'
|
||
,channel : 'Page - Section Name'
|
||
,campaign : 'Campaign - ID'
|
||
,currencyCode : 'Page - Currency Code'
|
||
,purchaseID : 'Order - ID'
|
||
,prop1 : 'Visitor - Account ID'
|
||
,prop2 : 'Page - Product Name'
|
||
,prop4 : 'Page - Type'
|
||
,prop6 : 'Search - Type'
|
||
,prop7 : 'Search - Facet List'
|
||
,prop8 : 'Search - Feature Used'
|
||
,prop12 : 'Visitor - User ID'
|
||
,prop13 : 'Search - Sort Type'
|
||
,prop14 : 'Page - Load Time'
|
||
,prop15 : 'Support - Topic Name'
|
||
,prop16 : 'Page - Business Unit'
|
||
,prop21 : 'Search - Criteria'
|
||
,prop24 : 'Page - Language'
|
||
,prop25 : 'Page - Product Feature'
|
||
,prop28 : 'Support - Search Criteria'
|
||
,prop30 : 'Visitor - IP Address'
|
||
,prop33 : 'Page - Product Application Version'
|
||
,prop34 : 'Page - Website Extensions'
|
||
,prop60 : 'Search - Data Form Criteria'
|
||
,prop65 : 'Page - Online State'
|
||
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|
||
|
||
,eVar3 : 'Search - Total Results'
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
,eVar19 : 'Search - Advanced Criteria'
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
,eVar157 : 'Event - AutoSuggest Search Typed Term'
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
,eVar41 : 'Visitor - Industry'
|
||
,eVar42 : 'Visitor - SIS ID'
|
||
,eVar43 : 'Page - Error Type'
|
||
,eVar44 : 'Event - Updated User Fields'
|
||
,eVar48 : 'Email - Recipient ID'
|
||
,eVar51 : 'Email - Message ID'
|
||
,eVar52 : 'Visitor - Department ID'
|
||
,eVar53 : 'Visitor - Department Name'
|
||
,eVar60 : 'Search - Within Content Criteria'
|
||
,eVar61 : 'Search - Within Results Criteria'
|
||
,eVar62 : 'Search - Result Types'
|
||
,eVar74 : 'Page - Journal Info'
|
||
,eVar76 : 'Email - Broadlog ID'
|
||
,eVar78 : 'Visitor - Details'
|
||
,eVar80 : 'Visitor - Usage Path Info'
|
||
,eVar102 : 'Form - Name'
|
||
,eVar103 : 'Event - Conversion Driver'
|
||
,eVar105 : 'Search - Current Page'
|
||
,eVar106 : 'Visitor - App Session ID'
|
||
,eVar107 : 'Page - Secondary Product Name'
|
||
,eVar117 : 'Search - Database'
|
||
,eVar126 : 'Page - Environment'
|
||
,eVar141 : 'Search - Criteria Original'
|
||
,eVar143 : 'Page - Tabs'
|
||
,eVar161 : 'Search - Channel'
|
||
,eVar169 : 'Search - Facet Operation'
|
||
,eVar173 : 'Search - Details'
|
||
,eVar174 : 'Campaign - Spredfast ID'
|
||
,eVar175 : 'Visitor - TMX Device ID'
|
||
,eVar176 : 'Visitor - TMX Request ID'
|
||
,eVar148 : 'Visitor - Platform Name'
|
||
,eVar149 : 'Visitor - Platform ID'
|
||
,eVar152 : 'Visitor - Product ID'
|
||
,eVar153 : 'Visitor - Superaccount ID'
|
||
,eVar154 : 'Visitor - Superaccount Name'
|
||
,eVar177 : 'Page - Context Domain'
|
||
,eVar189 : 'Page - Experimentation User Id'
|
||
,eVar190 : 'Page - Identity User'
|
||
|
||
,list2 : 'Page - Widget Names'
|
||
,list3 : 'Promo - IDs'
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
for (var i in vars) {
|
||
s[i] = s[i] ? s[i] : _satellite.getVar(vars[i]);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
]]>
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/54/js/core-js/3.6.2/core-js.es.minified.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/51/js/react/16.12.0/react.production.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||
<script src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/51/js/react-dom/16.12.0/react-dom.production.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||
<script async="async" src="https://sdfestaticassets-eu-west-1.sciencedirectassets.com/prod/f2535c1f99580f9586d80169ddc369fb3f2fe21f/arp.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||
<script type="text/javascript">
|
||
//<![CDATA[
|
||
|
||
function runPendo() {
|
||
(function(apiKey){(function(p,e,n,d,o){var v,w,x,y,z;o=p[d]=p[d]||{};o._q=[];v=['initialize','identify','updateOptions','pageLoad'];for(w=0,x=v.length;w<x;++w)(function(m){o[m]=o[m]||function(){o._q[m===v[0]?'unshift':'push']([m].concat([].slice.call(arguments,0)));};})(v[w]);y=e.createElement(n);y.async=!0;y.src='https://cdn.pendo.io/agent/static/'+apiKey+'/pendo.js';z=e.getElementsByTagName(n)[0];z.parentNode.insertBefore(y,z);})(window,document,'script','pendo');
|
||
var f={visitor:{id:pageDataTracker.getVisitorId(),webuserID:'ae:12975512',pageName:'SD:product:journal:article',pageType:'CP-CA',pageProduct:'SD',pageLanguage:'en',pageEnvironment:'prod',accessType:'GUEST',},account:{id:'ae:228598',name:'ae:ScienceDirectGuests',},events:{ready:function(){pendo.addBodyMutationListener();}}};
|
||
if(f.visitor.id){
|
||
pendo.initialize(f);
|
||
pendo.addAltText = function(guideId) {
|
||
var badgeId = pendo.badgesShown[guideId].domJson.children[1].props.id;
|
||
if (pendo.dom("#"+badgeId+ " img")[0]) {
|
||
pendo.dom("#"+badgeId+ " img")[0].setAttribute('type', 'image');
|
||
var guideName = pendo.guides.filter(function(elem){return elem.id==guideId;})[0].name;
|
||
if (guideName.includes("#[")) {
|
||
var guideNameAltText = guideName.substring(guideName.indexOf("#[")+2, guideName.indexOf("]"));
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
if (guideName == "Resource Center") {
|
||
pendo.dom("#"+badgeId+ " img")[0].setAttribute('alt', "Resource Center");
|
||
} else if (guideNameAltText) {
|
||
pendo.dom("#"+badgeId+ " img")[0].setAttribute('alt', guideNameAltText);
|
||
} else {
|
||
pendo.dom("#"+badgeId+ " img")[0].setAttribute('alt', "tooltip badge");
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
pendo.addBodyMutationListener = function() {
|
||
var target = document.querySelector('body');
|
||
var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) {
|
||
mutations.forEach(function(mutation) {
|
||
if (mutation.addedNodes.length && mutation.addedNodes[0].className.includes("_pendo-badge") && pendo.badgesShown) {
|
||
var badgeList = pendo.badgesShown;
|
||
Object.keys(badgeList).forEach(function(gid){pendo.addAltText(gid);});
|
||
observer.disconnect();
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
})
|
||
var config = {
|
||
attributeFilter: ['data-layout'],
|
||
attributes: true,
|
||
childList: true,
|
||
characterData: true,
|
||
subtree: false
|
||
};
|
||
observer.observe(target, config);
|
||
}
|
||
_satellite.logger.log('pendo: initialized');
|
||
} else {
|
||
_satellite.logger.log('pendo: not initialized due missing data');
|
||
}})('d6c1d995-bc7e-4e53-77f1-2ea4ecbb9565');
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
(function watchAndRunPendo(nextDelay, retryAttempt) {
|
||
if (pageDataTracker && pageDataTracker.getVisitorId()) {
|
||
return runPendo();
|
||
}
|
||
if (retryAttempt > 0) {
|
||
return setTimeout(function() {
|
||
watchAndRunPendo(nextDelay * 2, retryAttempt - 1);
|
||
}, nextDelay);
|
||
}
|
||
})(100, 12);
|
||
//]]>
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script type="text/x-mathjax-config">
|
||
<![CDATA[
|
||
|
||
MathJax.Hub.Config({
|
||
displayAlign: 'left',
|
||
"fast-preview": {
|
||
disabled: true
|
||
},
|
||
CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } },
|
||
PreviewHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } },
|
||
'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } },
|
||
SVG: {
|
||
scale: 90,
|
||
linebreaks: { automatic: true }
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
]]>
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script async="async" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/2.7.5/MathJax.js?config=MML_SVG" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||
<script async="async" src="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||
<script async="async" src="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_js/casa.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
|
||
<div class="js-react-modal"></div>
|
||
<div class="js-react-modal"></div>
|
||
<div class="js-react-modal"></div>
|
||
<div class="js-react-modal"></div>
|
||
<div class="js-react-modal"></div>
|
||
<script src="https://cdn.plu.mx/widget-summary.js" async="async"></script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
< {
|
||
_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: clearing tracking state");try{s.events="",s.linkTrackVars="",s.linkTrackEvents=""}catch(e){_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: s object - could not reset state.")}try{dispatcherData=JSON.parse(event.detail),window.ddqueue=window.ddqueue||[],window.ddqueue.push(dispatcherData),window.eventData=dispatcherData.eventData,window.pageData=dispatcherData.pageData,_satellite.track(dispatcherData.eventName)}catch(e){_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: exception"),_satellite.logger.log(e)}
|
||
});
|
||
]]>
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
< {
|
||
_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: clearing tracking state");try{s.events="",s.linkTrackVars="",s.linkTrackEvents=""}catch(e){_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: s object - could not reset state.")}try{dispatcherData=JSON.parse(event.detail),window.ddqueue=window.ddqueue||[],window.ddqueue.push(dispatcherData),window.eventData=dispatcherData.eventData,window.pageData=dispatcherData.pageData,_satellite.track(dispatcherData.eventName)}catch(e){_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: exception"),_satellite.logger.log(e)}
|
||
});
|
||
]]>
|
||
</script>
|
||
<script>
|
||
< {
|
||
_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: clearing tracking state");try{s.events="",s.linkTrackVars="",s.linkTrackEvents=""}catch(e){_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: s object - could not reset state.")}try{dispatcherData=JSON.parse(event.detail),window.ddqueue=window.ddqueue||[],window.ddqueue.push(dispatcherData),window.eventData=dispatcherData.eventData,window.pageData=dispatcherData.pageData,_satellite.track(dispatcherData.eventName)}catch(e){_satellite.logger.log("eventDispatcher: exception"),_satellite.logger.log(e)}
|
||
});
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|