dockerfile/examples/omnivore/content-fetch/content-handler/test/data/ars-multipage/ars-technica-page-1.html

855 lines
57 KiB
HTML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-us">
<head>
<title>Whats going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor? | Ars Technica</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars = {"ASSETS":"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/themes\/ars\/assets","HOME_URL":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com","CIVIS":"\/civis","THEME":"light","VIEW":"grid","MOBILE":false,"SUBSCRIBER":false,"PLUS_PLUS":false,"LOGGED":false,"USER_ID":null,"ENV":"production","AD":{"tags":["chemistry","electrons","physics","superconductivity"],"channel":"science","slug":"whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor","template_type":"article","queue":[],"server":"production"},"TOTAL":109336,"UNREAD":0,"RECENT":[1958894,1950200,1958504,1958915,1958785,1958895,1953746,1958601,1958766,1958740,1958758,1958728,1958672,1958712,1958544,1958702,1958680,1958662,1958644,1958600,1958632,1958537,1958110,1958563,1958508],"LOGINS":true,"CROSS":false,"PARSELY":"arstechnica.com","COMMENTS":false,"HOMEPAGE":false,"SITE":1,"READY":[],"SHOW_ADS":true,"IMG_PROXY":"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/i\/","CATEGORY":"science","PAGETITLE":"","ZEN_MODE":false,"MEMO_PID":"62012a7a19351c07620394e0"};
</script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/ars/assets/css/main-4b9af0fe84.css" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="http://feeds.arstechnica.com/arstechnica/index" />
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/favicon.ico" />
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/ars/assets/img/ars-ios-icon-d9a45f558c.png" />
<link rel="mask-icon" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/ars/assets/img/ars-macos-safari-8997f76b21.svg" color="#ff4e00">
<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/ars/assets/img/material-ars-db41652381.png" />
<link rel="me" href="https://mastodon.social/@arstechnica" />
<meta name="application-name" content="Ars Technica"/>
<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://arstechnica.com/"/>
<meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="Ars Technica: Serving the technologist for 1.2 decades"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=News;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/favicon.ico"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Features;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/features/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/ie-jump-menu/jump-features.ico"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=OpenForum;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/civis/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/ie-jump-menu/jump-forum.ico"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Subscribe;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/subscriptions/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/ie-jump-menu/jump-subscribe.ico"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="advertising" content="ask" />
<meta property="fb:admins" content="592156917" />
<meta property="fb:admins" content="108943" />
<meta property="fb:pages" content="19374573752" />
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<!-- cache hit 192:single/meta:d29d6446a030580dc69054ef5c06dab8 -->
<meta name='parsely-page' content='{"title":"What\u2019s going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor?","link":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2023\/08\/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor\/","type":"post","author":"John Timmer","post_id":1958785,"pub_date":"2023-08-04T14:07:48Z","section":"Science","tags":["chemistry","electrons","physics","superconductivity","type: feature"],"image_url":"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LK-99_pellet-150x150.png"}'>
<meta name='parsely-metadata' content='{"type":"feature","title":"What\u2019s going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor?","post_id":1958785,"lower_deck":"Rumors are flying of confirmation, but the situation is still frustratingly vague.","image_url":"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LK-99_pellet-150x150.png","listing_image_url":"https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/LK-99_pellet-360x200.png"}'>
<link rel="canonical" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/" />
<link rel="amphtml" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/amp/">
<link rel="shorturl" href="https://arstechnica.com/?p=1958785" />
<meta name="description" content="Rumors are flying of confirmation, but the situation is still frustratingly vague." />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:url" content="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Whats going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor?">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Rumors are flying of confirmation, but the situation is still frustratingly vague.">
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@arstechnica">
<meta name="twitter:domain" content="arstechnica.com">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Ars Technica" />
<meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/LK-99_pellet-760x380.png">
<meta name="twitter:image:width" content="760">
<meta name="twitter:image:height" content="380">
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@j_timmer">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Whats going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor?" />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/LK-99_pellet-760x380.png" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Rumors are flying of confirmation, but the situation is still frustratingly vague." />
<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
<!-- cache hit 192:single/header:d29d6446a030580dc69054ef5c06dab8 -->
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start -->
<script
src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js"
type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8"
data-domain-script="b10882a1-8446-4e7d-bfb2-ce2c770ad910">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">function OptanonWrapper(){};</script>
<script
src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/opt-out/otCCPAiab.js"
type="text/javascript"
charset="UTF-8"
ccpa-opt-out-ids="C0002,C0003,C0004,C0005"
ccpa-opt-out-geo="ca"
ccpa-opt-out-lspa="true">
</script>
<!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end -->
<!-- Google Tag Manager DataLayer -->
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
window.dataLayer.push({"event":"data-layer-loaded","user":{"ars_userId":undefined,"amg_userId":undefined,"uID":undefined,"sID":undefined,"loginStatus":false,"subscriberStatus":"none","infinityId":undefined,"registrationSource":undefined,"mdw_cnd_id":undefined,"monthlyVisits":undefined,"accessPaywall":undefined,"view":"grid","theme":"light","show_comments":false},"content":{"pageTemplate":"single","pageType":"article|feature","contentCategory":"science","section":"science","subsection":undefined,"contributor":"John Timmer","contentID":1958785,"contentLength":2098,"display":"What\u2019s going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor?","contentSource":"web","pageAssets":undefined,"uniqueContentCount":undefined,"monthlyContentCount":undefined,"publishDate":"2023-08-04T14:07:48-04:00","modifiedDate":"2023-08-04T15:56:15-04:00","keywords":"chemistry|electrons|Physics|superconductivity","dataSource":undefined},"marketing":{"campaignName":undefined,"circCampaignId":undefined,"internalCampaignId":undefined,"brand":"Ars Technica","certified_mrc_data":undefined,"condeNastId":undefined},"page":{"pID":undefined,"syndicatorUrl":undefined,"pageURL":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/?p=1958785","canonical":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2023\/08\/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor\/","canonicalPathName":"\/science\/2023\/08\/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor\/"},"search":{"facets":undefined,"searchTerms":undefined},"site":{"appVersion":"1.0.0"}});
</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager DataLayer -->
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-NLXNPCQ');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<!-- Start Headline A/B -->
<script type="text/javascript">
class ABTest {
constructor(post_id, init_method) {
this.post_id = post_id;
this.ajaxurl = '/services/ars-ajax-handler.php';
this.expireDays = 1 / 48; // 30 min
this.group = this.getGroup();
this.uid = this.getUid();
this.init_method = init_method;
this.setTitle();
if (this.init_method === 'click') {
this.click();
} else {
this.impression();
}
}
setCookie(name, value, days) {
var expires = "";
if (days) {
var date = new Date();
date.setTime(date.getTime() + (days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000));
expires = "; expires=" + date.toUTCString();
}
document.cookie = name + "=" + (value || "") + expires + "; path=/";
}
getCookie(name) {
var nameEQ = name + "=";
var ca = document.cookie.split(';');
for (var i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) {
var c = ca[i];
while (c.charAt(0) == ' ') c = c.substring(1, c.length);
if (c.indexOf(nameEQ) == 0) return c.substring(nameEQ.length, c.length);
}
return null;
}
// Retrieves a unique id for determining whether the event should be recorded
getUid() {
var uid = this.getCookie('ars_ab_' + this.post_id + '_uid');
if (!uid) {
uid = (Math.random() + 1).toString(36).substring(2, 7);
this.setCookie('ars_ab_' + this.post_id + '_uid', uid, this.expireDays);
}
return uid;
};
// Places the user in either A or B for this post id
getGroup() {
var group = this.getCookie('ars_ab_' + this.post_id + '_group');
if (!group) {
group = String.fromCharCode(Math.floor(Math.random() * 2) + 65).toLowerCase();
this.setCookie('ars_ab_' + this.post_id + '_group', group, this.expireDays);
}
return group;
};
// Records a headline impression (from homepage or other listing)
impression() {
// Send fake ajax
var params = {
nonce: '4dadc83aa5',
action: 'ars_ab_impression',
id: this.post_id,
group: this.group,
uid: this.uid,
ts: (new Date()).getTime()
};
var url = this.ajaxurl + '?' + this.encodeParams(params);
document.write('\x3Cscript type="text/javascript" src="' + url + '">\x3C/script>');
};
// Records a headline click from the actual post page
click() {
// Send fake ajax
var params = {
nonce: '34b2ae4b70',
action: 'ars_ab_click',
id: this.post_id,
group: this.group,
uid: this.uid,
ts: (new Date()).getTime()
};
var url = this.ajaxurl + '?' + this.encodeParams(params);
document.write('\x3Cscript type="text/javascript" src="' + url + '">\x3C/script>');
};
// If user is in B group, dynamically set title
setTitle() {
if (this.group == 'b') {
var span = document.getElementById('ars_ab_' + this.post_id);
var title = span.parentNode;
title.innerHTML = span.getAttribute('data-title-b');
}
};
encodeParams(data) {
var ret = [];
for (var d in data)
ret.push(encodeURIComponent(d) + "=" + encodeURIComponent(data[d]));
return ret.join("&");
};
};
</script>
<!-- End Headline A/B -->
<script src="https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js" id="gpt-script" async></script>
<script>
window.googletag = window.googletag || {};
window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || [];
window.cns = window.cns || {};
window.cns.queue = [];
window.cns.async = function(s, c) {
cns.queue.push({
service: s,
callback: c
})
};
window.sparrowQueue = window.sparrowQueue || [];
</script>
<script>
window.cns.pageContext = {"contentType":"article","templateType":"article","channel":"science","subChannel":"","slug":"whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor","server":"production","keywords":{"tags":["chemistry","electrons","physics","superconductivity"],"cm":[],"platform":["wordpress"],"copilotid":""}};
</script>
<script src="https://ads-static.conde.digital/production/cns/builds/ars-technica/ars-technica.min.js" async></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/ars/assets/js/ars-84a4ab0802.ads.us.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">!(function(o,_name){function n(){(n.q=n.q||[]).push(arguments)}n.v=1,o[_name]=o[_name]||n;!(function(o,t,n,c){function e(n){(function(){try{return(localStorage.getItem("v4ac1eiZr0")||"").split(",")[4]>0}catch(o){}return!1})()&&(n=o[t].pubads())&&n.setTargeting("admiral-engaged","true")}(c=o[t]=o[t]||{}).cmd=c.cmd||[],typeof c.pubads===n?e():typeof c.cmd.unshift===n?c.cmd.unshift(e):c.cmd.push(e)})(window,"googletag","function");})(window,String.fromCharCode(97,100,109,105,114,97,108));!(function(t,c,i){i=t.createElement(c),t=t.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],i.async=1,i.src="https://shiverscissors.com/v2fumwIJOo-LsCB0dlG18VSTW43CpWhUEPJuKeRTzrEQdSPPlMr5GymU",t.parentNode.insertBefore(i,t)})(document,"script");</script>
<!-- Taboola -->
<script type="text/javascript">
window._taboola = window._taboola || [];
_taboola.push({
article: 'auto'
});
! function(e, f, u, i) {
if (!document.getElementById(i)) {
e.async = 1;
e.src = u;
e.id = i;
f.parentNode.insertBefore(e, f);
}
}(document.createElement('script'),
document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0],
'//cdn.taboola.com/libtrc/condenast1-network/loader.js',
'tb_loader_script');
if (window.performance && typeof window.performance.mark == 'function') {
window.performance.mark('tbl_ic');
}
</script>
<meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//arstechnica-apps.s3.amazonaws.com' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.0.3' type='text/css' media='all' />
<style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>
body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}
</style>
<link rel='stylesheet' id='article_forum_connect_comments-css' href='https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/plugins/article-forum-connect/public/css/comments.css?ver=1.2.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel='stylesheet' id='article_forum_connect_paywall-css' href='https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/plugins/article-forum-connect/public/css/paywall.css?ver=1.2.2' type='text/css' media='all' />
<link rel="amphtml" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/amp/"><meta name="twitter:partner" content="tfwp" />
<!--
generated 191 seconds ago
generated in 0.222 seconds
served from batcache in 0.002 seconds
expires in 109 seconds
billboard: forced
view: grid
theme: light
-->
</head>
<body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-1958785 single-format-standard grid-view light blog-us">
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NLXNPCQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<aside class="ad ad_crown" aria-label="Top of page advertisement"></aside>
<div class="site-wrapper">
<a class="screen-reader-text skip-link" href="#main" aria-label="Skip to main content">Skip to main content</a>
<header class="site-header">
<div class="header-left">
<a href="https://arstechnica.com" id="header-logo" title="Ars Technica Homepage">
<span class="icon icon-logo-ars-us"></span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="header-right">
<nav id="header-nav-primary">
<ul>
<li><a class="nav-link section-information-technology " href="/information-technology/">Biz &amp; IT</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-gadgets " href="/gadgets/">Tech</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-science active" href="/science/">Science</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-tech-policy " href="/tech-policy/">Policy</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-cars " href="/cars/">Cars</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-gaming " href="/gaming/">Gaming &amp; Culture</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link store" href="/store/">Store</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link forums" href="/civis/">Forums</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<a href="/store/product/subscriptions/" class="header-highlight-link">Subscribe</a>
<div class="dropdown" id="header-search">
<a href="/search/" class="dropdown-toggle search-toggle" aria-label="Search" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="icon icon-search-mag-glass"></span>
</a>
<div class="dropdown-content">
<form action="/search/" method="GET" id="search_form">
<input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8">
<input type="text" name="q" id="hdr_search_input" value="" aria-label="Search..." placeholder="Search...">
</form>
<a class="nav-search-close">Close</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="dropdown dropdown-mega" id="header-burger">
<a href="#site-menu" class="dropdown-toggle" aria-label="Menu" aria-expanded="false">
<span></span>
</a>
<div id="site-menu" class="dropdown-content">
<section class="burger-navigate">
<h3>
<span class="icon icon-half-target"></span>
Navigate
</h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="nav-link store" href="/store/">Store</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link subscribe" href="/store/product/subscriptions/">Subscribe</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link videos" href="http://video.arstechnica.com/">Videos</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-features" href="/features/">Features</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-reviews" href="/reviews/">Reviews</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a class="nav-link page-rss-feeds" href="/rss-feeds/">RSS Feeds</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link mobile" href="/?view=mobile">Mobile Site</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a class="nav-link page-about-us" href="/about-us/">About Ars</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link page-staff-directory" href="/staff-directory/">Staff Directory</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link page-contact-us" href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a class="nav-link page-advertise-with-us" href="https://www.condenast.com/brands/ars-technica">Advertise with Ars</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link page-reprints" href="/reprints/">Reprints</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="burger-filter">
<h3>
<span class="icon icon-half-mag"></span>
Filter by topic
</h3>
<ul id="burger-nav-primary">
<li><a class="nav-link section-information-technology " href="/information-technology/">Biz &amp; IT</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-gadgets " href="/gadgets/">Tech</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-science active" href="/science/">Science</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-tech-policy " href="/tech-policy/">Policy</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-cars " href="/cars/">Cars</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link section-gaming " href="/gaming/">Gaming &amp; Culture</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link store" href="/store/">Store</a></li>
<li><a class="nav-link forums" href="/civis/">Forums</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="burger-settings">
<h3>
<span class="icon icon-half-gear"></span>
Settings
</h3>
<div>
<div class="burger-layout">
<p>Front page layout</p>
<div class="burger-layout-grid">
<a rel="nofollow" href="/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/?view=grid">
<span class="icon icon-grid"></span><br>
Grid
<div class="faux-radio active"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="burger-layout-list">
<a rel="nofollow" href="/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/?view=archive">
<span class="icon icon-list"></span><br>
List
<div class="faux-radio "></div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="burger-theme">
<p>Site theme</p>
<div class="burger-theme-light">
<a rel="nofollow" href="/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/?theme=light">
<span><span>light</span></span>
<div class="faux-radio active"></div>
</a>
</div>
<div class="burger-theme-dark">
<a rel="nofollow" href="/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/?theme=dark">
<span><span>dark</span></span>
<div class="faux-radio "></div>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</div>
</div>
<a class="navlink login-link" href="https://arstechnica.com/civis/login?_xfRedirect=%2Fscience%2F2023%2F08%2Fwhats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor%2F">
Sign in
</a>
</div>
</header>
<main id="main" class="content-wrapper">
<script type="text/javascript">
ars.ARTICLE = {"url":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/science\/2023\/08\/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor\/","short_url":"https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/?p=1958785","title":"What\u2019s going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor?","author":52979,"authorName":"John Timmer","pubDate":"2023-08-04T14:07:48Z","id":1958785,"topic":1494994,"pages":3,"current_page":1,"superscroll":true,"promoted":[],"single_page":false,"comments":87,"fullwidth":false,"slug":"whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor","arsStaff":{"104481":{"name":"Aaron Zimmerman","title":"Copy Chief","staff":true},"332715":{"name":"Andrew Cunningham","title":"Senior Technology Reporter","staff":true},"855306":{"name":"Ashley Belanger","title":"Senior Policy Reporter","staff":true},"1002":{"name":"Aurich Lawson","title":"Creative Director","staff":true},"857898":{"name":"Benj Edwards","title":"AI and Machine Learning Reporter","staff":true},"509873":{"name":"Beth Mole","title":"Senior Health Reporter","staff":true},"453791":{"name":"Cathleen O'Grady","title":"Contributing science reporter","staff":true},"102179":{"name":"Chris Lee","title":"Associate writer","staff":true},"821742":{"name":"Corey Gaskin","title":"Senior Commerce Writer","staff":true},"329388":{"name":"Dan Goodin","title":"Security Editor","staff":true},"254631":{"name":"Diana Gitig","title":"Associate Writer","staff":false},"25862":{"name":"Eric Bangeman","title":"Managing Editor","staff":true},"512413":{"name":"Eric Berger","title":"Senior Space Editor","staff":true},"46707":{"name":"Iljitsch van Beijnum","title":"Associate Writer","staff":false},"316010":{"name":"Jason Marlin","title":"Technical Director","staff":true},"746799":{"name":"Jennifer Ouellette","title":"Senior Writer","staff":true},"15365":{"name":"Jeremy Reimer","title":"Senior Niche Technology Historian","staff":false},"52979":{"name":"John Timmer","title":"Senior Science Editor","staff":true},"312082":{"name":"Jon Brodkin","title":"Senior IT Reporter","staff":true},"14317":{"name":"Jonathan M. Gitlin","title":"Automotive Editor","staff":true},"998":{"name":"Ken Fisher","title":"Editor in Chief","staff":true},"440179":{"name":"Kerry Staurseth","title":"Associate Copyeditor","staff":true},"856780":{"name":"Kevin Purdy","title":"Senior Technology Reporter","staff":true},"328283":{"name":"Kyle Orland","title":"Senior Gaming Editor","staff":true},"10243":{"name":"Lee Hutchinson","title":"Senior Technology Editor","staff":true},"173191":{"name":"Matthew Lasar","title":"Associate writer","staff":true},"182268":{"name":"Nate Anderson","title":"Deputy Editor","staff":true},"1991":{"name":"Ohrmazd","title":"","staff":false},"391727":{"name":"Ron Amadeo","title":"Reviews Editor","staff":true},"588289":{"name":"Samuel Axon","title":"Senior Editor","staff":true},"294205":{"name":"Scott K. Johnson","title":"Associate Writer","staff":true},"843451":{"name":"Steve Haske","title":"","staff":false},"173910":{"name":"Timothy B. Lee","title":"Senior tech policy reporter","staff":false}},"tags":["chemistry","electrons","physics","superconductivity"],"zen_mode":false};
</script>
<article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle" class="article-single standalone intro-standard " id="">
<div class="column-wrapper">
<div class="left-column">
<header class="article-header">
<h4 class="post-upperdek">
No answers yet &mdash;
</h4>
<h1 itemprop="headline">Whats going on with the reports of a room-temperature superconductor?</h1>
<h2 itemprop="description">Rumors are flying of confirmation, but the situation is still frustratingly vague.</h2>
<section class="post-meta">
<p class="byline" itemprop="author creator" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
<a itemprop="url" href="https://arstechnica.com/author/john-timmer/" rel="author"><span itemprop="name">John Timmer</span></a>
- <time class="date" data-time="1691158068" datetime="2023-08-04T14:07:48+00:00">Aug 4, 2023 2:07 pm UTC</time>
</p>
</section> </header>
<section class="article-guts">
<div itemprop="articleBody" class="article-content post-page">
<figure class="intro-image intro-left">
<img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/LK-99_pellet-800x513.png" alt="Pellet of LK-99 being repelled by a magnet.">
<figcaption class="caption"><div class="caption-text"><a href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/LK-99_pellet.png" class="enlarge-link" data-height="544" data-width="848">Enlarge</a> <span class="sep">/</span> Pellet of LK-99 being repelled by a magnet.</div><div class="caption-credit"><a rel="nofollow" class="caption-link" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Hyun-Tak Kim (CC BY 4.0)</a></div></figcaption> </figure>
<aside id="social-left" class="social-left" aria-label="Read the comments or share this article">
<a class="comment-count icon-comment-bubble-down" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/?comments=1">
<h4 class="comment-count-before">reader comments</h4>
<span class="comment-count-number">87</span>
<span class="visually-hidden"> with </span>
</a>
</aside>
<!-- cache hit 192:single/related:d29d6446a030580dc69054ef5c06dab8 --><!-- empty -->
<p>In late July, a couple of startling papers appeared on the arXiv, a repository of pre-peer-review manuscripts on topics in physics and astronomy. The papers claim to describe the synthesis of a material that is not only able to superconduct above room temperature, but also above the boiling point of water. And it does so at normal atmospheric pressures.</p>
<p>Instead of having to build upon years of work with exotic materials that only work under extreme conditions, the papers seem to describe a material that could be made via some relatively straightforward chemistry and would work if you set it on your desk. It was like finding a shortcut to a material that would revolutionize society.</p>
<p>The perfect time to write an article on those results would be when they've been confirmed by multiple labs. But these are not perfect times. Instead, rumors seem to be flying daily about possible confirmation, confusing and contradictory results, and informed discussions of why this material either should or shouldn't work.</p>
<p>In this article, we'll explain where things stand and why getting to a place of clarity will be challenging, even if these claims are right.</p>
<h2>Whats the original claim?</h2>
<p>The <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12037">more detailed of the two manuscripts</a> describes how to make the material and measurements of its property. The material itself is a variation of a well-known chemical called lead apatite. Apatites are a class of chemicals that form similar crystal structures; this particular version is primarily composed of lead and phosphate groups—all of its constituents are cheap and readily available.</p> <aside class="ad_wrapper" aria-label="In Content advertisement">
<span class="ad_notice">Advertisement </span>
<div class="ad ad_instream"></div>
</aside>
<p>The version developed here, which has been termed LK-99, was made by reacting a lead sulfate with a copper-phosphorus compound (the reaction requires high temperatures for over a day under a vacuum). This strips the phosphorus from the copper, oxidizes it, and allows it to displace the sulfur from its compound with the lead. Critically, though, some fraction of the lead itself ends up replaced by copper in the resulting compound.</p>
<p>This has a significant impact on the apatite crystal structure because copper is quite a bit smaller than lead. The researchers claim the overall volume of the sample drops by about half of a percentage as a result, and that change is accompanied by shifts in the orientation of various atoms and bonds. That means changes in where the electrons reside within the material.</p>
<p>That change appears to be critical to the LK-99's behavior. Superconductivity is associated with a number of very specific properties, and the researchers measure two of them: the expulsion of magnetic field lines (called the Meissner effect) and the existence of a critical temperature at which conductivity changes.</p>
<p>It's hard to explain just how strange these experiments are. Under normal circumstances, the superconducting material starts out behaving as a normal chemical and has to be cooled down to the critical point where exceptional behavior emerges. LK-99, by contrast, starts out superconducting and has to be heated beyond the boiling point of water to reach its critical temperature.</p>
<p>The only somewhat strange result here comes at temperatures just below the critical temperature. At room temperature and above, the resistance of LK-99 remains at zero as far as the testing equipment is able to measure. But it starts to rise ever so slightly once temperatures reach 60°C and displays a smooth upward slope until the sample hits 90°C, at which point it stays flat until the critical temperature is reached. The researchers did not attempt to explain this.</p>
</div>
<nav class="page-numbers">Page: <span class="numbers">1 <a href="https://arstechnica.com/article/2/">2</a> <a href="https://arstechnica.com/article/3/">3</a> <a href="https://arstechnica.com/article/3/"><span class="next">Next <span class="arrow">&rarr;</span></span></a></span></nav>
</section>
</div>
<div class="xrail">
<div class="xrail-content">
<div class="ars-interlude-container ad_xrail ad_xrail_top"></div>
<aside class="ad ad_xrail ad_xrail_top ad_xrail_last" aria-label="Top sidebar advertisement"></aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column-wrapper">
<div class="left-column">
<div id="social-footer">
<a class="comment-count icon-comment-bubble-down" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/?comments=1">
<h4 class="comment-count-before">reader comments</h4>
<span class="comment-count-number">87</span>
<span class="visually-hidden"> with </span>
</a>
</div>
<!-- cache hit 192:single/author:edaec1ff064d5323d80a377d6771e515 --> <section class="article-author">
<a style="background-image:url('https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/j.timmer-5.jpg');" class="author-photo" href="/author/john-timmer" tabindex="-1" role="presentation" aria-hidden="true"></a>
<div class="author-bio">
<section class="author-bio-top">
<a href="/author/john-timmer" class="author-name">John Timmer</a>
John is Ars Technica's science editor. He has a Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in Molecular and Cell Biology from the University of California, Berkeley. When physically separated from his keyboard, he tends to seek out a bicycle, or a scenic location for communing with his hiking boots.
</section>
</div>
</section>
</div>
<div class="xrail"></div>
</div>
<div id="article-footer-wrap">
<aside class="ad_wrapper" aria-label="Full width advertisement">
<span class="ad_notice">Advertisement </span>
<div class="ad ad_fullwidth fullwidth"></div>
</aside>
<section id="comments-area" class="comments-area column-wrapper">
<div class="row comments-row left-column">
<a name="comments-bar"></a>
<div class="wp-forum-connect-container">
</div>
</div>
<div class="xrail xrail-comments">
<div class="xrail-content-wrapper">
<div class="xrail-content xrail-content-comments">
<aside class="ad ad_xrail ad_xrail_comments" aria-label="Comments sidebar advertisement"></aside>
</div>
</div>
<div class="xrail-content-wrapper xrail-content-wrapper-bottom">
<div class="xrail-content xrail-content-comments">
<aside class="ad ad_xrail ad_xrail_comments" aria-label="Comments sidebar advertisement"></aside>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="inline-playlist">
<div class='ars-video-playlist'>
<h3 class="ars-video-playlist-module-header">Channel <span>Ars Technica</span></h3>
<div class='ars-video-playlist-module' data-playlist-id='arstechnica-channel-ars-science' data-video-options='[]'></div>
</div>
</section>
<div class="prev-next-links">
<a href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/08/frackers-can-use-dangerous-chemicals-without-disclosure-due-to-haliburton-loophole/" rel="prev"><span class="arrow">&larr;</span> Previous story</a> <a href="https://arstechnica.com/cars/2023/08/fisker-debuts-an-entire-range-of-new-evs-including-one-sub-30000/" rel="next">Next story <span class="arrow">&rarr;</span></a></div>
<footer id="article-footer">
<div class="recommendations-footer">
<div id="story-recommendations">
<div class="heading-column">
<h3>Related Stories</h3>
</div>
<ul id="story-recs" class="rec-wrap"></ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="taboola-below-article-thumbnails---at"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
window._taboola = window._taboola || [];
_taboola.push({
mode: 'thumbnails-a-6x1',
container: 'taboola-below-article-thumbnails---at',
placement: 'Below Article Thumbnails - AT',
target_type: 'mix'
});
</script>
<div class="recommendations-footer">
<div id="latest-stories">
<div class="heading-column">
<h3>Today on Ars</h3>
</div>
<ul id="latest-recs" class="rec-wrap"></ul>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</article>
</main>
<footer class="site-footer">
<nav class="nav-footer">
<section>
<ul>
<li><a href="/store/">Store</a></li>
<li><a href="/store/product/subscriptions/">Subscribe</a></li>
<li><a href="/about-us/">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="/rss-feeds/">RSS Feeds</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" href="/science/2023/08/whats-going-on-with-the-reports-of-a-room-temperature-superconductor/?view=mobile">View Mobile Site</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<ul>
<li><a href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
<li><a href="/staff-directory/">Staff</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.condenast.com/brands/ars-technica">Advertise with us</a></li>
<li><a href="/reprints/">Reprints</a></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section class="footer-newsletter">
<div class="newsletter-wrapper">
<h3>
<a href="/newsletters/" class="footer-newsletter-sign-up">Newsletter Signup</a>
</h3>
<p>Join the Ars Orbital Transmission mailing list to get weekly updates delivered to your inbox. <a href="/newsletters/" class="footer-newsletter-sign-up">Sign me up &rarr;</a></p>
<div class="footer-social-links">
<a href="https://twitter.com/arstechnica" class="footer-social-twitter">
<svg style="height: 40px; width: 40px;" id="b" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
<defs>
<clipPath id="e">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
<clipPath id="f">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
</defs>
<g id="c">
<g id="d">
<g clip-path="url(#e)">
<g clip-path="url(#f)">
<path d="M16.3,28.1c7.5,0,11.7-6.3,11.7-11.7s0-.4,0-.5c.8-.6,1.5-1.3,2-2.1-.7,.3-1.5,.5-2.4,.6,.9-.5,1.5-1.3,1.8-2.3-.8,.5-1.7,.8-2.6,1-.6-.7-1.4-1.1-2.3-1.2s-1.8,0-2.6,.4c-.8,.4-1.4,1.1-1.8,1.9-.4,.8-.5,1.7-.3,2.6-1.6,0-3.2-.5-4.7-1.2-1.5-.7-2.7-1.8-3.8-3-.5,.9-.7,2-.5,3,.2,1,.9,1.9,1.7,2.5-.7,0-1.3-.2-1.9-.5h0c0,1,.3,1.9,.9,2.7,.6,.7,1.4,1.2,2.4,1.4-.6,.2-1.2,.2-1.9,0,.3,.8,.8,1.5,1.5,2s1.5,.8,2.4,.8c-1.5,1.1-3.2,1.8-5.1,1.8-.3,0-.7,0-1,0,1.9,1.2,4.1,1.8,6.3,1.8" fill="currentColor" />
</g>
</g>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a href="https://mastodon.social/@arstechnica" class="footer-social-mastodon">
<svg style="height: 40px; width: 40px;" id="b" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
<defs>
<clipPath id="e">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
<clipPath id="f">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
</defs>
<g id="c">
<g id="d">
<g clip-path="url(#e)">
<g clip-path="url(#f)">
<path d="M29.3,16.6c0-4.3-2.8-5.6-2.8-5.6-1.4-.7-3.9-.9-6.5-1h0c-2.6,0-5,.3-6.4,1,0,0-2.8,1.3-2.8,5.6s0,2.2,0,3.4c.1,4.2,.8,8.4,4.7,9.5,1.8,.5,3.4,.6,4.6,.5,2.3-.1,3.5-.8,3.5-.8v-1.6c0,0-1.7,.5-3.5,.4-1.8,0-3.7-.2-4-2.4,0-.2,0-.4,0-.6,0,0,1.8,.4,4,.5,1.4,0,2.7,0,4-.2,2.5-.3,4.7-1.8,5-3.3,.4-2.2,.4-5.4,.4-5.4h0Zm-3.4,5.6h-2.1v-5.1c0-1.1-.5-1.6-1.4-1.6s-1.5,.6-1.5,1.9v2.8h-2.1v-2.8c0-1.3-.5-1.9-1.5-1.9s-1.4,.5-1.4,1.6v5.1h-2.1v-5.3c0-1.1,.3-1.9,.8-2.6,.6-.6,1.3-1,2.2-1s1.9,.4,2.4,1.2l.5,.9,.5-.9c.5-.8,1.3-1.2,2.4-1.2s1.7,.3,2.2,1c.6,.6,.8,1.5,.8,2.6v5.3Z" fill="currentColor" />
</g>
</g>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/arstechnica" class="footer-social-facebook">
<svg style="height: 40px; width: 40px;" id="b" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
<defs>
<clipPath id="e">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
<clipPath id="f">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
</defs>
<g id="c">
<g id="d">
<g clip-path="url(#e)">
<g clip-path="url(#f)">
<path d="M17.3,13.9v2.8h-2v3.4h2v10h4.2v-10h2.8s.3-1.6,.4-3.4h-3.2v-2.3c0-.3,.5-.8,.9-.8h2.3v-3.5h-3.1c-4.4,0-4.3,3.4-4.3,3.9" fill="currentColor" />
</g>
</g>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a href="https://www.youtube.com/@arstechnica" class="footer-social-youtube">
<svg style="height: 40px; width: 40px;" id="b" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
<defs>
<clipPath id="e">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
<clipPath id="f">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
</defs>
<g id="c">
<g id="d">
<g clip-path="url(#e)">
<g clip-path="url(#f)">
<path d="M29.6,15.2c-.1-.4-.3-.8-.6-1.1-.3-.3-.7-.5-1.1-.7-1.6-.4-7.8-.4-7.8-.4,0,0-6.3,0-7.8,.4-.4,.1-.8,.3-1.1,.7-.3,.3-.5,.7-.6,1.1-.4,1.6-.4,4.8-.4,4.8,0,0,0,3.3,.4,4.8,.1,.4,.3,.8,.6,1.1,.3,.3,.7,.5,1.1,.7,1.6,.4,7.8,.4,7.8,.4,0,0,6.3,0,7.8-.4,.4-.1,.8-.3,1.1-.7s.5-.7,.6-1.1c.4-1.6,.4-4.8,.4-4.8,0,0,0-3.3-.4-4.8m-11.6,7.8v-5.9l5.2,3-5.2,3Z" fill="currentColor" />
</g>
</g>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/arstechnica/" class="footer-social-instagram">
<svg style="height: 40px; width: 40px;" id="b" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 40 40">
<defs>
<clipPath id="e">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
<clipPath id="f">
<rect width="40" height="40" fill="none" />
</clipPath>
</defs>
<g id="c">
<g id="d">
<g clip-path="url(#e)">
<g clip-path="url(#f)">
<path d="M20,10c2.7,0,3.1,0,4.1,0,1.1,0,1.8,.2,2.4,.5,.7,.3,1.2,.6,1.8,1.2,.6,.6,.9,1.1,1.2,1.8,.2,.6,.4,1.4,.5,2.4,0,1.1,0,1.4,0,4.1s0,3.1,0,4.1c0,1.1-.2,1.8-.5,2.4-.3,.7-.6,1.3-1.2,1.8-.6,.6-1.1,.9-1.8,1.2-.6,.2-1.4,.4-2.4,.5-1.1,0-1.4,0-4.1,0s-3.1,0-4.1,0c-1.1,0-1.8-.2-2.4-.5-.7-.3-1.3-.6-1.8-1.2-.5-.5-.9-1.1-1.2-1.8-.2-.6-.4-1.4-.5-2.4,0-1.1,0-1.4,0-4.1s0-3.1,0-4.1c0-1.1,.2-1.8,.5-2.4,.3-.7,.6-1.2,1.2-1.8,.6-.6,1.1-.9,1.8-1.2,.6-.2,1.4-.4,2.4-.5,1.1,0,1.4,0,4.1,0m0,2.5c-2.4,0-2.7,0-3.7,0-.9,0-1.4,.2-1.7,.3-.4,.1-.8,.4-1.1,.7-.3,.3-.5,.6-.7,1.1-.1,.3-.3,.8-.3,1.7,0,1,0,1.3,0,3.7s0,2.7,0,3.7c0,.9,.2,1.4,.3,1.7,.2,.4,.4,.7,.7,1.1,.3,.3,.6,.5,1.1,.7,.3,.1,.8,.3,1.7,.3,1,0,1.3,0,3.7,0s2.7,0,3.7,0c.9,0,1.4-.2,1.7-.3,.4-.2,.7-.4,1.1-.7,.3-.3,.5-.6,.7-1.1,.1-.3,.3-.8,.3-1.7,0-1,0-1.3,0-3.7s0-2.7,0-3.7c0-.9-.2-1.4-.3-1.7-.1-.4-.4-.8-.7-1.1-.3-.3-.7-.5-1.1-.7-.3-.1-.8-.3-1.7-.3-1,0-1.3,0-3.7,0m0,2.2c.7,0,1.4,.1,2,.4,.6,.3,1.2,.7,1.7,1.1,.5,.5,.9,1.1,1.1,1.7,.3,.6,.4,1.3,.4,2s-.1,1.4-.4,2c-.3,.6-.7,1.2-1.1,1.7-.5,.5-1.1,.9-1.7,1.1-.6,.3-1.3,.4-2,.4-1.4,0-2.7-.6-3.7-1.5-1-1-1.5-2.3-1.5-3.7s.6-2.7,1.5-3.7,2.3-1.5,3.7-1.5m0,8.3c.8,0,1.5-.3,2.1-.9,.6-.6,.9-1.3,.9-2.1s-.3-1.5-.9-2.1c-.6-.6-1.3-.9-2.1-.9s-1.5,.3-2.1,.9c-.6,.6-.9,1.3-.9,2.1s.3,1.5,.9,2.1c.6,.6,1.3,.9,2.1,.9m6.6-8.1c0,.4-.2,.7-.4,1s-.6,.4-1,.4-.7-.2-1-.4c-.3-.3-.4-.6-.4-1s.2-.7,.4-1c.3-.3,.6-.4,1-.4s.7,.2,1,.4c.3,.3,.4,.6,.4,1" fill="currentColor" />
</g>
</g>
</g>
</g>
</svg>
</a>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</nav>
<section class="footer-terms-logo">
<div class="cn-logo">
<a href="http://condenast.com/" class="icon icon-logo-cn-us" title="Visit Condé Nast"></a>
</div>
<p id="copyright-terms">
CNMN Collection<br>
WIRED Media Group<br>
© 2023 Condé Nast. All rights reserved. Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our <a href="https://www.condenast.com/user-agreement/">User Agreement</a> (updated 1/1/20) and <a href="https://www.condenast.com/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement</a> (updated 1/1/20) and <a href="/amendment-to-conde-nast-user-agreement-privacy-policy/">Ars Technica Addendum</a> (effective 8/21/2018). Ars may earn compensation on sales from links on this site. <a href="/affiliate-link-policy/">Read our affiliate link policy</a>.<br>
<span style="display: inline-flex; flex-flow: row nowrap; align-items: center; gap: 5px;"><a href="https://www.condenast.com/privacy-policy/#california">Your California Privacy Rights</a> | <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/ars/assets/img/privacyoptions123x59-c5c9972158.png" style="height: 1em; width: auto;" /> <a id="ot-sdk-btn" class="ot-sdk-show-settings">Do Not Sell My Personal Information</a></span><br>
The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Condé Nast.<br>
<a href="https://www.condenast.com/online-behavioral-advertising-oba-and-how-to-opt-out-of-oba/#clickheretoreadmoreaboutonlinebehavioraladvertising(oba)">Ad Choices</a>
</p>
</section>
</footer>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/ars/assets/js/main-f627adae4a.js"></script>
<!-- cache hit 192:single/javascript-footer:d29d6446a030580dc69054ef5c06dab8 -->
<!-- Taboola -->
<script type="text/javascript">
window._taboola = window._taboola || [];
_taboola.push({
flush: true
});
</script>
<!-- Parse.ly start -->
<script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-C0002" id="parsely-cfg" src="//fpa-cdn.arstechnica.com/keys/arstechnica.com/p.js"></script>
<!-- Parse.ly end -->
<!-- Memo start -->
<script type="text/javascript">
__memo_config = {
pid: ars.MEMO_PID,
url: ars.ARTICLE.url,
author: [ars.ARTICLE.authorName],
title: ars.ARTICLE.title,
date: ars.ARTICLE.pubDate,
};
(function(){
var s = document.createElement('script');
s.async = true;
s.type = 'text/javascript';
s.src = document.location.protocol + '//cdn.memo.co/js/memo.js';
(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body') [0]).appendChild(s);
})();
</script>
<!-- Memo end -->
<script>
(function() {
var w = window.innerWidth ||
document.documentElement.clientWidth ||
document.body.clientWidth;
var src = 'https://player.cnevids.com/interlude/arstechnica.js';
if (!ars.MOBILE && w >= 1000) {
src += '?isRightRail=true';
}
var s = document.createElement('script');
s.setAttribute('async', true);
s.setAttribute('src', src);
document.body.appendChild(s);
})();
</script>
<script id="conde-polar" src="https://cdn.mediavoice.com/nativeads/script/condenastcorporate/conde-asa-polar-master.js" async></script>
<!-- Sparrow begin -->
<script type="text/plain" class="optanon-category-C0002">
(function() {
function DQ() {
var queue = window.sparrowQueue;
this.push = fn => fn();
window.sparrowQueue = this;
while (queue.length) {
queue.shift()();
}
}
function e(t, e) {
var n, a, o;
a = !1, n = document.createElement("script"), n.type = "text/javascript", n.src = t, n.onload = n.onreadystatechange = function() {
a || this.readyState && "complete" != this.readyState || (a = !0, e ? e() : !0)
}, o = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0], o.parentNode.insertBefore(n, o)
}
if (location.search.indexOf('no_sparrow') < 0) {
e("https://pixel.condenastdigital.com/config/v2/production/ars-technica.config.js", function() {
e("https://pixel.condenastdigital.com/sparrow.min.js", function() {
if (window.SparrowConfigV2) {
window.sparrow = new window.Sparrow(window.SparrowConfigV2);
new DQ();
}
})
})
}
})();
</script>
<!-- Sparrow end -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="//s.skimresources.com/js/100098X1555750.skimlinks.js"></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/plugins/article-forum-connect/public/js/iframeResizer.min.js?ver=1.2.2' id='article_forum_connect_iframe_resizer-js'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/plugins/article-forum-connect/public/js/iframe.js?ver=1.2.2' id='article_forum_connect_iframe-js'></script>
</body>
</html>