388 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
388 lines
12 KiB
Plaintext
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "OPENSSL-RSAUTL 1ossl"
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.TH OPENSSL-RSAUTL 1ossl "2024-03-21" "3.2.1" "OpenSSL"
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
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openssl\-rsautl \- RSA command
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.SH "SYNOPSIS"
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.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
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\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBrsautl\fR
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[\fB\-help\fR]
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[\fB\-in\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR]
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[\fB\-rev\fR]
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[\fB\-out\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR]
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[\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR]
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[\fB\-pubin\fR]
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[\fB\-certin\fR]
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[\fB\-sign\fR]
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[\fB\-verify\fR]
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[\fB\-encrypt\fR]
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[\fB\-decrypt\fR]
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[\fB\-pkcs\fR]
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[\fB\-x931\fR]
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[\fB\-oaep\fR]
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[\fB\-raw\fR]
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[\fB\-hexdump\fR]
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[\fB\-asn1parse\fR]
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[\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR]
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[\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR]
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[\fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR]
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[\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR]
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[\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR]
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[\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR]
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.SH "DESCRIPTION"
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.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
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This command has been deprecated.
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The \fIopenssl\-pkeyutl\fR\|(1) command should be used instead.
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.PP
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This command can be used to sign, verify, encrypt and decrypt
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data using the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm.
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.SH "OPTIONS"
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.IX Header "OPTIONS"
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.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-help"
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Print out a usage message.
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.IP "\fB\-in\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-in filename"
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This specifies the input filename to read data from or standard input
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if this option is not specified.
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.IP "\fB\-passin\fR \fIarg\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-passin arg"
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The passphrase used in the output file.
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See see \fIopenssl\-passphrase\-options\fR\|(1).
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.IP "\fB\-rev\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rev"
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Reverse the order of the input.
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.IP "\fB\-out\fR \fIfilename\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-out filename"
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Specifies the output filename to write to or standard output by
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default.
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.IP "\fB\-inkey\fR \fIfilename\fR|\fIuri\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-inkey filename|uri"
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The input key, by default it should be an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
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.IP "\fB\-keyform\fR \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR|\fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR|\fBP12\fR|\fB\s-1ENGINE\s0\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-keyform DER|PEM|P12|ENGINE"
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The key format; unspecified by default.
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See \fIopenssl\-format\-options\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-pubin\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-pubin"
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By default a private key is read from the key input.
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With this option a public key is read instead.
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If the input contains no public key but a private key, its public part is used.
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.IP "\fB\-certin\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-certin"
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The input is a certificate containing an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
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.IP "\fB\-sign\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-sign"
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Sign the input data and output the signed result. This requires
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an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
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.IP "\fB\-verify\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-verify"
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Verify the input data and output the recovered data.
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.IP "\fB\-encrypt\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-encrypt"
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Encrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 public key.
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.IP "\fB\-decrypt\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-decrypt"
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Decrypt the input data using an \s-1RSA\s0 private key.
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.IP "\fB\-pkcs\fR, \fB\-oaep\fR, \fB\-x931\fR, \fB\-raw\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-pkcs, -oaep, -x931, -raw"
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The padding to use: PKCS#1 v1.5 (the default), PKCS#1 \s-1OAEP,
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ANSI X9.31,\s0 or no padding, respectively.
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For signatures, only \fB\-pkcs\fR and \fB\-raw\fR can be used.
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.Sp
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Note: because of protection against Bleichenbacher attacks, decryption
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using PKCS#1 v1.5 mode will not return errors in case padding check failed.
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Use \fB\-raw\fR and inspect the returned value manually to check if the
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padding is correct.
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.IP "\fB\-hexdump\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-hexdump"
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Hex dump the output data.
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.IP "\fB\-asn1parse\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-asn1parse"
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Parse the \s-1ASN.1\s0 output data, this is useful when combined with the
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\&\fB\-verify\fR option.
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.IP "\fB\-engine\fR \fIid\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-engine id"
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See \*(L"Engine Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1).
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This option is deprecated.
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.IP "\fB\-rand\fR \fIfiles\fR, \fB\-writerand\fR \fIfile\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-rand files, -writerand file"
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See \*(L"Random State Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1) for details.
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.IP "\fB\-provider\fR \fIname\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-provider name"
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.PD 0
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.IP "\fB\-provider\-path\fR \fIpath\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-provider-path path"
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.IP "\fB\-propquery\fR \fIpropq\fR" 4
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.IX Item "-propquery propq"
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.PD
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See \*(L"Provider Options\*(R" in \fIopenssl\fR\|(1), \fIprovider\fR\|(7), and \fIproperty\fR\|(7).
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.SH "NOTES"
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.IX Header "NOTES"
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Since this command uses the \s-1RSA\s0 algorithm directly, it can only be
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used to sign or verify small pieces of data.
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.SH "EXAMPLES"
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.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
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Examples equivalent to these can be found in the documentation for the
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non-deprecated \fIopenssl\-pkeyutl\fR\|(1) command.
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.PP
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Sign some data using a private key:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& openssl rsautl \-sign \-in file \-inkey key.pem \-out sig
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.Ve
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.PP
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Recover the signed data
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in sig \-inkey key.pem
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.Ve
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.PP
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Examine the raw signed data:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& openssl rsautl \-verify \-in sig \-inkey key.pem \-raw \-hexdump
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\&
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\& 0000 \- 00 01 ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
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\& 0010 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
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\& 0020 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
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\& 0030 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
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\& 0040 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
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\& 0050 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
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\& 0060 \- ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff\-ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ................
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\& 0070 \- ff ff ff ff 00 68 65 6c\-6c 6f 20 77 6f 72 6c 64 .....hello world
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.Ve
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.PP
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The PKCS#1 block formatting is evident from this. If this was done using
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encrypt and decrypt the block would have been of type 2 (the second byte)
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and random padding data visible instead of the 0xff bytes.
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.PP
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It is possible to analyse the signature of certificates using this
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command in conjunction with \fIopenssl\-asn1parse\fR\|(1). Consider the self signed
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example in \fIcerts/pca\-cert.pem\fR. Running \fIopenssl\-asn1parse\fR\|(1) as follows
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yields:
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.PP
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.Vb 1
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\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem
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\&
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\& 0:d=0 hl=4 l= 742 cons: SEQUENCE
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\& 4:d=1 hl=4 l= 591 cons: SEQUENCE
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|
|
\& 8:d=2 hl=2 l= 3 cons: cont [ 0 ]
|
||
|
|
\& 10:d=3 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :02
|
||
|
|
\& 13:d=2 hl=2 l= 1 prim: INTEGER :00
|
||
|
|
\& 16:d=2 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
|
||
|
|
\& 18:d=3 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
|
||
|
|
\& 29:d=3 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
|
||
|
|
\& 31:d=2 hl=2 l= 92 cons: SEQUENCE
|
||
|
|
\& 33:d=3 hl=2 l= 11 cons: SET
|
||
|
|
\& 35:d=4 hl=2 l= 9 cons: SEQUENCE
|
||
|
|
\& 37:d=5 hl=2 l= 3 prim: OBJECT :countryName
|
||
|
|
\& 42:d=5 hl=2 l= 2 prim: PRINTABLESTRING :AU
|
||
|
|
\& ....
|
||
|
|
\& 599:d=1 hl=2 l= 13 cons: SEQUENCE
|
||
|
|
\& 601:d=2 hl=2 l= 9 prim: OBJECT :md5WithRSAEncryption
|
||
|
|
\& 612:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
|
||
|
|
\& 614:d=1 hl=3 l= 129 prim: BIT STRING
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
The final \s-1BIT STRING\s0 contains the actual signature. It can be extracted with:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out sig \-noout \-strparse 614
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
The certificate public key can be extracted with:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl x509 \-in test/testx509.pem \-pubkey \-noout >pubkey.pem
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
The signature can be analysed with:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl rsautl \-in sig \-verify \-asn1parse \-inkey pubkey.pem \-pubin
|
||
|
|
\&
|
||
|
|
\& 0:d=0 hl=2 l= 32 cons: SEQUENCE
|
||
|
|
\& 2:d=1 hl=2 l= 12 cons: SEQUENCE
|
||
|
|
\& 4:d=2 hl=2 l= 8 prim: OBJECT :md5
|
||
|
|
\& 14:d=2 hl=2 l= 0 prim: NULL
|
||
|
|
\& 16:d=1 hl=2 l= 16 prim: OCTET STRING
|
||
|
|
\& 0000 \- f3 46 9e aa 1a 4a 73 c9\-37 ea 93 00 48 25 08 b5 .F...Js.7...H%..
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
This is the parsed version of an \s-1ASN1\s0 DigestInfo structure. It can be seen that
|
||
|
|
the digest used was md5. The actual part of the certificate that was signed can
|
||
|
|
be extracted with:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 1
|
||
|
|
\& openssl asn1parse \-in pca\-cert.pem \-out tbs \-noout \-strparse 4
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
and its digest computed with:
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
.Vb 2
|
||
|
|
\& openssl md5 \-c tbs
|
||
|
|
\& MD5(tbs)= f3:46:9e:aa:1a:4a:73:c9:37:ea:93:00:48:25:08:b5
|
||
|
|
.Ve
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
which it can be seen agrees with the recovered value above.
|
||
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-pkeyutl\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-dgst\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-rsa\fR\|(1),
|
||
|
|
\&\fIopenssl\-genrsa\fR\|(1)
|
||
|
|
.SH "HISTORY"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "HISTORY"
|
||
|
|
This command was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
The \fB\-engine\fR option was deprecated in OpenSSL 3.0.
|
||
|
|
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
||
|
|
Copyright 2000\-2023 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
||
|
|
.PP
|
||
|
|
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
|
||
|
|
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
||
|
|
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
|
||
|
|
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|