1507 lines
292 KiB
HTML
1507 lines
292 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8" /><!--
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We are hiring, ever thought about joining us?
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https://workforus.theguardian.com/careers/product-engineering/
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G G G G G G G G GGGGGG GG GGGGG GGGG
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G G G G G G G G G G G G G
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GGGGG G G G G G GGGGG G G G G GGGG
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G G G G G G G GGGGGG GGGGG G
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GGGGGGG GGG GGG G GGGGGG G G G G GGGG
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=-->
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<title>
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Mastodon gained 70,000 users after Musk’s Twitter takeover. I joined them | Social media | The Guardian
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</title>
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<meta name="description" content="The platform is home to a devoted base of left-leaning communities – and no one billionaire can control it" />
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover" />
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1" />
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<meta name="theme-color" content="#052962" />
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<link rel="icon" href="https://static.guim.co.uk/images/favicon-32x32.ico" />
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/" />
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://i.guim.co.uk" />
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://j.ophan.co.uk" />
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://ophan.theguardian.com" />
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<link rel="preconnect" href="https://sourcepoint.theguardian.com" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://i.guim.co.uk" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://j.ophan.co.uk" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://ophan.theguardian.com" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://hits-secure.theguardian.com" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://interactive.guim.co.uk" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://phar.gu-web.net" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.theguardian.com" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://support.theguardian.com" />
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<script async="async" src="//cdn.confiant-integrations.net/gptprebidnative/202211021209/wrap.js"></script>
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<script src="//cdn.confiant-integrations.net/7oDgiTsq88US4rrBG0_Nxpafkrg/gpt_and_prebid/config.js" async="async"></script>
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<script type="application/ld+json">
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<![CDATA[
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]]>
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</script><!-- TODO make this conditional when we support more content types -->
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<link rel="amphtml" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover" />
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<link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2?http3=true" as="font" crossorigin="" />
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<link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2?http3=true" as="font" crossorigin="" />
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<link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2?http3=true" as="font" crossorigin="" />
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<link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Regular.woff2?http3=true" as="font" crossorigin="" />
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<link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textegyptian/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextEgyptian-Bold.woff2?http3=true" as="font" crossorigin="" />
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<link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Regular.woff2?http3=true" as="font" crossorigin="" />
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<link rel="preload" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-textsans/noalts-not-hinted/GuardianTextSans-Bold.woff2?http3=true" as="font" crossorigin="" />
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<meta property="og:url" content="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover" />
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<meta property="article:author" content="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/wilfred-chan" />
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<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_96_5500_3300/master/5500.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-align=bottom%2Cleft&overlay-width=100p&overlay-base64=L2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc&enable=upscale&s=a0f3228536d3275229fe4a5d4aa0c709" />
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<meta property="al:ios:url" content="gnmguardian://media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover?contenttype=Article&source=applinks" />
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<meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/theguardian" />
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<meta property="og:title" content="Mastodon gained 70,000 users after Musk’s Twitter takeover. I joined them" />
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<meta property="fb:app_id" content="180444840287" />
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<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2022-11-16T10:38:44.000Z" />
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<meta property="og:image:height" content="720" />
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<meta property="og:description" content="The platform is home to a devoted base of left-leaning communities – and no one billionaire can control it" />
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<meta property="og:type" content="article" />
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<meta property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="409128287" />
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<meta property="article:section" content="Media" />
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<meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-11-02T05:00:52.000Z" />
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<meta property="article:tag" content="Social media,Elon Musk,Technology,US news,Twitter,Social networking,Mastodon" />
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<meta property="al:ios:app_name" content="The Guardian" />
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<meta property="og:site_name" content="the Guardian" />
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<meta name="twitter:dnt" content="on" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="409128287" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:name:googleplay" content="The Guardian" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:name:ipad" content="The Guardian" />
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="The Guardian" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:id:ipad" content="409128287" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:id:googleplay" content="com.guardian" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:url:googleplay" content="guardian://www.theguardian.com/media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:url:iphone" content="gnmguardian://media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover?contenttype=Article&source=twitter" />
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_96_5500_3300/master/5500.jpg?width=1200&height=630&quality=85&auto=format&fit=crop&overlay-align=bottom%2Cleft&overlay-width=100p&overlay-base64=L2ltZy9zdGF0aWMvb3ZlcmxheXMvdGctZGVmYXVsdC5wbmc&s=db48c7e0513682f908dcb2499c8aea7f" />
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@guardian" />
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<meta name="twitter:app:url:ipad" content="gnmguardian://media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover?contenttype=Article&source=twitter" /><!-- This tag enables pages to be featured in Google Discover as large previews
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See: https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/mobile/google-discover?hl=en&visit_id=637424198370039526-3805703503&rd=1 -->
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<meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large" />
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<script>
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<![CDATA[
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window.guardian = {"config":{"isDotcomRendering":true,"isDev":false,"stage":"PROD","frontendAssetsFullURL":"https://assets.guim.co.uk/","page":{"avatarApiUrl":"https://avatar.theguardian.com","references":[{"rich-link":"https://www.theguardian.com/info/ng-interactive/2021/jun/25/techscape-sign-up"}],"isProd":true,"shortUrlId":"/p/mtba5","hasYouTubeAtom":false,"switches":{"mobileStickyPrebid":true,"newsletterOnwards":false,"abSignInGateMainVariant":true,"prebidAppnexusUkRow":true,"dcrOnwardsData":false,"commercialMetrics":true,"prebidTrustx":true,"scAdFreeBanner":false,"prebidPermutiveAudience":true,"compareVariantDecision":false,"adFreeStrictExpiryEnforcement":false,"enableSentryReporting":true,"lazyLoadContainers":true,"abRemovePrebidA9Canada":false,"ampArticleSwitch":true,"remarketing":true,"keyEventsCarousel":true,"fetchNonRefreshableLineItems":true,"registerWithPhone":false,"remoteHeader":true,"extendedMostPopularFronts":true,"slotBodyEnd":true,"prebidImproveDigitalSkins":true,"targeting":true,"billboardsInMerchSlots":true,"emailInlineInFooter":true,"showNewPrivacyWordingOnEmailSignupEmbeds":true,"iasAdTargeting":true,"prebidAnalytics":true,"extendedMostPopular":true,"ampContentAbTesting":true,"abDeeplyReadArticleFooter":false,"puzzlesBanner":false,"prebidCriteo":true,"dcrFronts":true,"tableOfContents":false,"imrWorldwide":true,"acast":true,"automaticFilters":true,"twitterUwt":true,"prebidAppnexusInvcode":true,"a9HeaderBidding":true,"prebidAppnexus":true,"enableDiscussionSwitch":true,"standaloneCommercialBundle":true,"prebidXaxis":true,"stickyVideos":true,"interactiveFullHeaderSwitch":true,"discussionAllPageSize":true,"prebidUserSync":true,"audioOnwardJourneySwitch":true,"dcrJavascriptBundle":false,"abConsentlessAds":true,"externalVideoEmbeds":true,"simpleReach":true,"abIntegrateIma":true,"carrotTrafficDriver":true,"sentinelLogger":true,"geoMostPopular":true,"weAreHiring":true,"relatedContent":true,"thirdPartyEmbedTracking":true,"prebidOzone":true,"ampLiveblogSwitch":true,"ampAmazon":true,"prebidAdYouLike":true,"mostViewedFronts":true,"abSignInGateMainControl":true,"headerTopNav":true,"ampPrebid":true,"googleSearch":true,"brazeSwitch":true,"consentManagement":true,"commercial":true,"redplanetForAus":true,"prebidSonobi":true,"idProfileNavigation":true,"confiantAdVerification":true,"discussionAllowAnonymousRecommendsSwitch":false,"permutive":true,"comscore":true,"webFonts":true,"europeNetworkFront":true,"prebidImproveDigital":true,"offerHttp3":true,"ophan":true,"crosswordSvgThumbnails":true,"prebidTriplelift":true,"weather":true,"commercialOutbrainNewids":true,"serverShareCounts":false,"abAdblockAsk":true,"prebidPubmatic":true,"autoRefresh":true,"enhanceTweets":true,"prebidIndexExchange":true,"prebidOpenx":true,"prebidHeaderBidding":true,"idCookieRefresh":true,"discussionPageSize":true,"smartAppBanner":false,"boostGaUserTimingFidelity":false,"historyTags":true,"mobileStickyLeaderboard":true,"brazeContentCards":false,"surveys":true,"remoteBanner":true,"emailSignupRecaptcha":true,"prebidSmart":true,"inizio":true},"inBodyInternalLinkCount":0,"keywordIds":"media/social-media,technology/elon-musk,technology/technology,us-news/us-news,technology/twitter,media/socialnetworking,technology/mastodon","blogIds":"","sharedAdTargeting":{"ct":"article","su":["0"],"edition":"int","tn":["features"],"p":"ng","k":["elon-musk","technology","social-media","twitter","us-news","mastodon","socialnetworking"],"sh":"https://www.theguardian.com/p/mtba5","co":["wilfred-chan"],"url":"/media/2022/nov/01/mastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover"},"beaconUrl":"//phar.gu-web.net","campaigns":[],"calloutsUrl":"https://callouts.code.dev-guardianapis.com/formstack-campaign/submit","requiresMembershipAccess":false,"onwardWebSocket":"ws://api.nextgen.guardianapps.co.uk/recently-published","hasMultipleVideosInPage":false,"pbIndexSites":[{"bp":"D","id":208240},{"bp":"M","id":213513},{"bp":"T","id":215448}],"a9PublisherId":"3722","toneIds":"tone/features","dcrSentryDsn":"https://1937ab71c8804b2b8438178dfdd6468f@sentry.io/1377847","idWebAppUrl
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window.guardian.queue = []; // Queue for functions to be fired by polyfill.io callback
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]]>
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</script>
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<script type="module">
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<![CDATA[
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window.guardian.mustardCut = true;
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window.guardian.gaPath = "https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/ga.modern.6040f8ea6edf6e0c56f5.js";
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]]>
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</script>
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<script nomodule="">
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<![CDATA[
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// Browser fails mustard check
|
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window.guardian.mustardCut = false;
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window.guardian.gaPath = "https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/ga.legacy.48fcd9e66d5c7c9c513b.js";
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]]>
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</script>
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<script>
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<![CDATA[
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// Noop monkey patch perf.mark and perf.measure if not supported
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if(window.performance !== undefined && window.performance.mark === undefined) {
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window.performance.mark = function(){};
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window.performance.measure = function(){};
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}
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]]>
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</script>
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<script>
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<![CDATA[
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// this is a global that's called at the bottom of the pf.io response,
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// once the polyfills have run. This may be useful for debugging.
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// mainly to support browsers that don't support async=false or defer
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function guardianPolyfilled() {
|
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window.guardian.polyfilled = true;
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if (window.guardian.mustardCut === false) {
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window.guardian.queue.forEach(function(startup) { startup() })
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}
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}
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// We've got contracts to abide by with the Ophan tracker
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// Setting pageViewId here ensures we're not getting race-conditions at all
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window.guardian.config.ophan = {
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// This is duplicated from
|
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// https://github.com/guardian/ophan/blob/master/tracker-js/assets/coffee/ophan/transmit.coffee
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// Please do not change this without talking to the Ophan project first.
|
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pageViewId:
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new Date().getTime().toString(36) +
|
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'xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/x/g, function() {
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return Math.floor(Math.random() * 36).toString(36);
|
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}),
|
|||
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};
|
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]]>
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</script>
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
// Set the browserId from the bwid cookie on the ophan object created above
|
|||
|
|
// This will need to be replaced later with an async request to an endpoint
|
|||
|
|
(function (window, document) {
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
function getCookieValue(name) {
|
|||
|
|
var nameEq = name + "=",
|
|||
|
|
cookies = document.cookie.split(';'),
|
|||
|
|
value = null;
|
|||
|
|
cookies.forEach(function (cookie) {
|
|||
|
|
while (cookie.charAt(0) === ' ') {
|
|||
|
|
cookie = cookie.substring(1, cookie.length);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
if (cookie.indexOf(nameEq) === 0) {
|
|||
|
|
value = cookie.substring(nameEq.length, cookie.length);
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
return value;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
window.guardian.config.ophan.browserId = getCookieValue("bwid");
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
})(window, document);
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
window.curlConfig = {
|
|||
|
|
baseUrl: 'https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets',
|
|||
|
|
apiName: 'require'
|
|||
|
|
};
|
|||
|
|
window.curl = window.curlConfig;
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script> <noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035250&cv=2.0&cj=1&cs_ucfr=0&comscorekw=Social+media%2CElon+Musk%2CTechnology%2CUS+news%2CTwitter%2CSocial+networking%2CMastodon" />
|
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|
|
<style>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
gu-island[clientOnly=true] { display: none; }
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</style></noscript><!-- The following script does not vary between modern & legacy browsers -->
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|
|
|
|||
|
|
<script defer="defer" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?rum=0&features=es6%2Ces7%2Ces2017%2Ces2018%2Ces2019%2Cdefault-3.6%2CHTMLPictureElement%2CIntersectionObserver%2CIntersectionObserverEntry%2CURLSearchParams%2Cfetch%2CNodeList.prototype.forEach%2Cnavigator.sendBeacon%2Cperformance.now%2CPromise.allSettled&flags=gated&callback=guardianPolyfilled&unknown=polyfill&cacheClear=1&http3=true"></script>
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<script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/bootCmp.modern.2af812888e7bc38e2252.js?http3=true"></script>
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<script defer="defer" nomodule="" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/bootCmp.legacy.d191d03764f1af8dbd20.js?http3=true"></script>
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<script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/ophan.modern.4ca8eefb799b69aa2aa0.js?http3=true"></script>
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<script defer="defer" nomodule="" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/ophan.legacy.ba0e3c73dd8343eed1f1.js?http3=true"></script><!-- The following script does not vary between modern & legacy browsers -->
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|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
<script defer="defer" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/javascripts/commercial/b1b34e51cb274bc8852d/graun.standalone.commercial.js?http3=true"></script>
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|
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<script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/sentryLoader.modern.4df5638d9ffd35f2800f.js?http3=true"></script>
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|||
|
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<script defer="defer" nomodule="" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/sentryLoader.legacy.6ec4b489709d3a3894db.js?http3=true"></script>
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<script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/dynamicImport.modern.2a479eddc70d144a8115.js?http3=true"></script>
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<script defer="defer" nomodule="" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/dynamicImport.legacy.747ee5d03173a8c1947b.js?http3=true"></script>
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|
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<script type="module" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/islands.modern.dd32c7ba6b550c416a97.js?http3=true"></script>
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|||
|
|
<script defer="defer" nomodule="" src="https://assets.guim.co.uk/assets/islands.legacy.9bab47e6fc7ceffb5f07.js?http3=true"></script>
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|
|
<style class="webfont">
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|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
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|||
|
|
@font-face { font-family: "GH Guardian Headline"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format("woff"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format("truetype"); font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format("woff"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format("truetype"); font-weight: 300; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "GH Guardian Headline"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format("woff"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format("truetype"); font-weight: 300; font-style: italic; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format("woff"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format("truetype"); font-weight: 300; font-style: italic; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "GH Guardian Headline"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format("woff"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format("truetype"); font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format("woff"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format("truetype"); font-weight: 500; font-style: normal; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "GH Guardian Headline"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format("woff"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format("truetype"); font-weight: 500; font-style: italic; font-display: swap; } @font-face { font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web"; src: url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format("woff2"), url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/latin1-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format("woff"), url(
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|
|||
|
|
<style>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe,
|
|||
|
|
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
|
|||
|
|
a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code,
|
|||
|
|
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp,
|
|||
|
|
small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var,
|
|||
|
|
b, u, i, center,
|
|||
|
|
dl, dt, dd, menu, ol, ul, li,
|
|||
|
|
fieldset, form, label, legend,
|
|||
|
|
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
|
|||
|
|
article, aside, canvas, details, embed,
|
|||
|
|
figure, figcaption, footer, header, hgroup,
|
|||
|
|
main, menu, nav, output, ruby, section, summary,
|
|||
|
|
time, mark, audio, video {
|
|||
|
|
margin: 0;
|
|||
|
|
padding: 0;
|
|||
|
|
border: 0;
|
|||
|
|
font-size: 100%;
|
|||
|
|
font: inherit;
|
|||
|
|
vertical-align: baseline;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
/* HTML5 display-role reset for older browsers */
|
|||
|
|
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,
|
|||
|
|
footer, header, hgroup, main, menu, nav, section {
|
|||
|
|
display: block;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
/* HTML5 hidden-attribute fix for newer browsers */
|
|||
|
|
*[hidden] {
|
|||
|
|
display: none;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
body {
|
|||
|
|
line-height: 1;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
menu, ol, ul {
|
|||
|
|
list-style: none;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
blockquote, q {
|
|||
|
|
quotes: none;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
|
|||
|
|
q:before, q:after {
|
|||
|
|
content: '';
|
|||
|
|
content: none;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
table {
|
|||
|
|
border-collapse: collapse;
|
|||
|
|
border-spacing: 0;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
*, *:before, *:after {
|
|||
|
|
box-sizing: border-box;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
html {
|
|||
|
|
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
|
|||
|
|
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
|
|||
|
|
/* always show the vertical scroll bar to stop the page
|
|||
|
|
* jumping about when navigating between pages where
|
|||
|
|
* one has content shorter than the viewport */
|
|||
|
|
overflow-y: scroll;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
html, body {
|
|||
|
|
text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
|
|||
|
|
font-feature-settings: 'kern';
|
|||
|
|
font-kerning: normal; /* Safari 7+, Firefox 24+, Chrome 33(?)+, Opera 21 */
|
|||
|
|
font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
body {
|
|||
|
|
background-color: #FFFFFF;
|
|||
|
|
color: #121212;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
em {
|
|||
|
|
font-style: italic;
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|
|||
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/css/print.css" />
|
|||
|
|
<style data-emotion="dcr-global 0" data-s=""></style>
|
|||
|
|
<style data-emotion="dcr-global 13e3m0c" data-s="">
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
*:focus{outline:0;}html:not(.src-focus-disabled) *:focus{box-shadow:0 0 0 5px #0077B6;}::selection{background:#FFE500;color:#121212;}
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|
|||
|
|
<style data-emotion="dcr-global vtj2xa" data-s="">
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
.bz-custom-container~#bannerandheader .top-banner-ad-container{display:none;}
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|
|||
|
|
<style data-emotion="dcr-global 13y34zf" data-s="">
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
@media (max-width: 979px){.nav-is-open{overflow:hidden;}}
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</style>
|
|||
|
|
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<![CDATA[
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<path d="M67.41,54.5l5.15-2.69V11.51H68.7L59.23,24.08h-1l.55-14H99.69l.55,14.05h-1.1l-9.2-12.57H86V51.72l5.06,2.68v1.39H67.41Zm37.52-1.85V8l-4-1.57V5.59L115.24,3h1.47V24.17l.36-.37a19.1,19.1,0,0,1,12.24-4.62c6.25,0,9,3.51,9,10.17v23.3l3.31,1.84v1.39H122.87V54.49l3.4-1.84V29.35c0-3.61-1.56-5.08-4.6-5.08a7.79,7.79,0,0,0-5,1.66v26.9L120,54.68V56H101.26V54.68ZM153.68,39c.37,7.4,3.68,13.13,11.5,13.13,3.77,0,6.43-1.75,8.92-3.05v1.48A17.5,17.5,0,0,1,160.3,57C148.25,57,142,50.24,142,38.5c0-11.46,6.71-18.58,17.66-18.58,10.3,0,15.63,5.18,15.63,18.77v.37H153.68V39Zm-.19-1.66,10.67-.65c0-9.15-1.56-15.25-4.69-15.25C156.16,21.4,153.49,28.42,153.49,37.3ZM0,73.63C0,54.21,12.78,47.28,27,47.28c6.07,0,11.77,1,15,2.31l.28,13.59H40.92L32.56,50.05a12.08,12.08,0,0,0-5.34-.83c-7.54,0-11.49,8.79-11.31,23.21C16.09,89.72,19,97.57,26,97.57a9.36,9.36,0,0,0,4.14-.74V78.34l-4.6-2.68V74.18H47.82v1.67l-4.59,2.49V96.56a49.32,49.32,0,0,1-16.74,2.86C10.3,99.51,0,91.93,0,73.63Zm47.55-9.06V63.46l15-2.59,1.65.09V90.55c0,3.6,1.75,4.62,4.6,4.62a6.31,6.31,0,0,0,4.88-2.31V66.42l-4-1.76v-1.2l14.9-2.68,1.47.09V94.8L90,96.46v1.11L75.32,99.42l-1.47-.09V94.89h-.37a16.71,16.71,0,0,1-11.22,4.72c-7.17,0-10.39-4.26-10.39-10.73V66.42l-4.32-1.85ZM143,60.78l1.2.09V71.78h.36c1.57-8,5.16-11,9.39-11a5,5,0,0,1,1.83.28V72.33a13.89,13.89,0,0,0-3-.27,18.42,18.42,0,0,0-8.09,1.66V95.36l3.4,1.84v1.39H128.76V97.2l3.49-1.94V65.77l-4.05-1.2v-1L143,60.78Z"></path>
|
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<path d="M180.44,61.7V50.15l-4-1.48v-.93L191.48,45l1.47.18V94.71l4.14,1.48v1.29l-14.9,2-1.2-.09V95.35h-.36a13.09,13.09,0,0,1-9.84,4.16c-8.1,0-14.08-6.19-14.08-19,0-13.4,6.9-20.06,17.29-20.06A14,14,0,0,1,180.44,61.7Zm0,31.71V63.83a5.28,5.28,0,0,0-4.14-1.29c-4,.18-6.53,6.28-6.53,17.19,0,9.8,1.75,15.26,7.18,15.07a5.28,5.28,0,0,0,3.49-1.39Zm33.11-32.63,1.29.09V95.26l3.4,1.85V98.5H198.93V97.11l3.49-1.94V66.32l-4.14-1.66V63.55l15.27-2.77Zm1.38-9.34a6.5,6.5,0,0,1-6.62,6.38,6.36,6.36,0,0,1-6.53-6.38A6.43,6.43,0,0,1,208.31,45a6.57,6.57,0,0,1,6.62,6.47Zm46.81,43.82V66l-4-1.48V63.09l14.89-2.77,1.48.09v4.35h.36A19.67,19.67,0,0,1,287.12,60c6.44,0,9.39,3.05,9.39,9.89V95.08L300,97v1.39H280.69V97l3.49-1.94V70.76c0-3.79-1.65-5.26-4.69-5.26a8,8,0,0,0-5.15,1.66v28.2l3.4,1.94v1.39H258.43V97.3ZM240.31,76.87V72c0-7.4-1.56-9.8-6.16-9.8-.55,0-1,.09-1.56.09l-8.1,11h-1.1V63.09A42.73,42.73,0,0,1,237,60.78c9.93,0,15.64,2.77,15.64,11.09V95.82l3.58.92v.93A15.62,15.62,0,0,1,249,99.33c-4.88,0-7.27-1.57-8.28-4.34h-.37c-2.11,2.86-5.06,4.43-9.65,4.43-5.89,0-9.94-3.69-9.94-10.07,0-6.2,3.77-9.53,11.59-11l8-1.48Zm0,16.54V78.62l-2.48.19c-3.86.37-5.34,2.86-5.34,8.32,0,6,1.94,7.58,4.7,7.58a3.65,3.65,0,0,0,3.12-1.3ZM110.73,76.87V72c0-7.4-1.56-9.8-6.16-9.8-.55,0-1,.09-1.57.09l-8.09,11h-1.1V63.09a42.63,42.63,0,0,1,13.61-2.31c9.93,0,15.63,2.77,15.63,11.09V95.82l3.59.92v.93a15.63,15.63,0,0,1-7.27,1.66c-4.87,0-7.26-1.57-8.27-4.34h-.37c-2.12,2.86-5.06,4.43-9.66,4.43-5.88,0-9.93-3.69-9.93-10.07,0-6.2,3.77-9.53,11.59-11l8-1.48Zm0,16.54V78.62l-2.48.19c-3.87.37-5.34,2.86-5.34,8.32,0,6,1.93,7.58,4.69,7.58A3.46,3.46,0,0,0,110.73,93.41Z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1m01h8y">The Guardian</span></a>
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<div class="css-1y6ivw6">
|
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<div>
|
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<div>
|
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<div class="css-1k7yj9m">
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<h2 class="css-5v8yes">
|
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<span class="css-l6t30p">Support the Guardian</span>
|
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</h2>
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</div>
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<div class="css-z58xh3">
|
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<div>
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<span class="css-l6t30p">Available for everyone, funded by readers</span>
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</div>
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</div><span class="css-ltw7y3"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com/int/contribute?REFPVID=lb4pjs09137737007auj&INTCMP=header_support_2022-11-10_MVP_HEADER_CONTROL&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22header_support_2022-11-10_MVP_HEADER_CONTROL%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22campaignCode%22%3A%22header_support_2022-11-10_MVP_HEADER_CONTROL%22%2C%22abTests%22%3A%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%222022-11-10_MVP_HEADER%22%2C%22variant%22%3A%22CONTROL%22%7D%5D%2C%22referrerPageviewId%22%3A%22lb4pjs09137737007auj%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%22%2C%22isRemote%22%3Atrue%7D&numArticles=0" class="css-13iixxd">Support us
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<div class="src-button-space"></div><svg viewbox="0 0 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4 15.95h19.125l-7.5 8.975.975.975 10.425-10.45v-1L16.6 4l-.975.975 7.5 8.975H4v2z"></path></svg></a></span><span class="css-5mle9y"><a href="https://support.theguardian.com/int/contribute?REFPVID=lb4pjs09137737007auj&INTCMP=header_support_2022-11-10_MVP_HEADER_CONTROL&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22header_support_2022-11-10_MVP_HEADER_CONTROL%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22campaignCode%22%3A%22header_support_2022-11-10_MVP_HEADER_CONTROL%22%2C%22abTests%22%3A%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%222022-11-10_MVP_HEADER%22%2C%22variant%22%3A%22CONTROL%22%7D%5D%2C%22referrerPageviewId%22%3A%22lb4pjs09137737007auj%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%22%2C%22isRemote%22%3Atrue%7D&numArticles=0" class="css-1r711gq">Support us</a></span>
|
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</div>
|
|||
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</div>
|
|||
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|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</header>
|
|||
|
|
<nav class="dcr-il3bi2">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-1xrkfay">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-4c6dm7">
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
|
|||
|
|
// Used to toggle data-link-name on label buttons
|
|||
|
|
var navInputCheckbox = document.getElementById('top-nav-input-checkbox')
|
|||
|
|
var showMoreButton = document.getElementById('show-more-button')
|
|||
|
|
var veggieBurger = document.getElementById('veggie-burger')
|
|||
|
|
var expandedMenuClickableTags = document.querySelectorAll('.selectableMenuItem')
|
|||
|
|
var expandedMenu = document.getElementById('expanded-menu-root')
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
// We assume News is the 1st column
|
|||
|
|
var firstColLabel = document.getElementById('News-button')
|
|||
|
|
var firstColLink = document.querySelectorAll('#newsLinks > li:nth-of-type(2) > a')[0]
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
var focusOnFirstNavElement = function(){
|
|||
|
|
// need to focus on first element in list, firstColLabel is not viewable on desktop
|
|||
|
|
if(window.getComputedStyle(firstColLabel).display === 'none'){
|
|||
|
|
firstColLink.focus()
|
|||
|
|
} else {
|
|||
|
|
firstColLabel.focus()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (!navInputCheckbox) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
navInputCheckbox.addEventListener('click',function(){
|
|||
|
|
document.body.classList.toggle('nav-is-open')
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if(!navInputCheckbox.checked) {
|
|||
|
|
firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'false')
|
|||
|
|
showMoreButton.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 : veggie-burger: show')
|
|||
|
|
veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 : veggie-burger: show')
|
|||
|
|
expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){
|
|||
|
|
$selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','-1')
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
} else {
|
|||
|
|
firstColLabel.setAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true')
|
|||
|
|
showMoreButton.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 : veggie-burger: hide')
|
|||
|
|
veggieBurger.setAttribute('data-link-name','nav2 : veggie-burger: hide')
|
|||
|
|
expandedMenuClickableTags.forEach(function($selectableElement){
|
|||
|
|
$selectableElement.setAttribute('tabindex','0')
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
focusOnFirstNavElement()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
var toggleMainMenu = function(e){
|
|||
|
|
navInputCheckbox.click()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
// Close hide menu on press enter
|
|||
|
|
var keydownToggleMainMenu = function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {
|
|||
|
|
e.preventDefault()
|
|||
|
|
toggleMainMenu()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
showMoreButton.addEventListener('keydown', keydownToggleMainMenu)
|
|||
|
|
veggieBurger.addEventListener('keydown', keydownToggleMainMenu)
|
|||
|
|
// Accessibility to hide Nav when pressing escape key
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 27 => esc
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 27) {
|
|||
|
|
if(navInputCheckbox.checked) {
|
|||
|
|
toggleMainMenu()
|
|||
|
|
if(window.getComputedStyle(veggieBurger).display === 'none'){
|
|||
|
|
showMoreButton.focus()
|
|||
|
|
}else{
|
|||
|
|
veggieBurger.focus()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
// onBlur close dialog
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('mousedown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
if(navInputCheckbox.checked && !expandedMenu.contains(e.target)){
|
|||
|
|
toggleMainMenu()
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
});
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script>
|
|||
|
|
<div data-component="nav2" class="dcr-um7al3">
|
|||
|
|
<input type="checkbox" id="top-nav-input-checkbox" name="more" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" class="dcr-1m01h8y" />
|
|||
|
|
<ul data-testid="pillar-list" class="dcr-1sga83g">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1ev5v4n">
|
|||
|
|
<a id="navigation" href="/" data-link-name="nav2 : primary : News" class="dcr-2hd9qk">News</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1ev5v4n">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/commentisfree" data-link-name="nav2 : primary : Opinion" class="dcr-1ncmf68">Opinion</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1ev5v4n">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/sport" data-link-name="nav2 : primary : Sport" class="dcr-106lfxv">Sport</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1ev5v4n">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/culture" data-link-name="nav2 : primary : Culture" class="dcr-10h33rq">Culture</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1ev5v4n">
|
|||
|
|
<a href="/lifeandstyle" data-link-name="nav2 : primary : Lifestyle" class="dcr-9p66ud">Lifestyle</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<div id="expanded-menu-root">
|
|||
|
|
<label id="show-more-button" aria-label="Toggle main menu" for="top-nav-input-checkbox" data-link-name="nav2 : veggie-burger: show" tabindex="0" role="button" data-cy="nav-show-more-button" class="dcr-1m86jdi"><span class="dcr-1m01h8y">Show</span><span class="dcr-194r1hi">More<svg viewbox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
|||
|
|
<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m1 7.224 10.498 10.498h1.004L23 7.224l-.98-.954L12 14.708 1.98 6.27 1 7.224Z"></path></svg></span></label><label id="veggie-burger" aria-label="Toggle main menu" for="top-nav-input-checkbox" data-link-name="nav2 : veggie-burger: show" tabindex="0" role="button" data-cy="veggie-burger" class="dcr-xal70v"><span class="dcr-1m01h8y">Show More</span></label>
|
|||
|
|
<div id="expanded-menu" class="dcr-162j6ht">
|
|||
|
|
<div data-testid="expanded-menu" data-cy="expanded-menu" class="dcr-d7rwni">
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menubar" data-cy="nav-menu-columns" class="dcr-1hjkch6">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-9wkufx">
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
|
|||
|
|
var columnInput = document.getElementById('News-button');
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {
|
|||
|
|
e.preventDefault()
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('News-checkbox-input').click();
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script><input type="checkbox" id="News-checkbox-input" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1m01h8y" /><label id="News-button" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-wrkycl" aria-label="Toggle News" for="News-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="newsLinks" tabindex="-1" role="menuitem" data-cy="column-collapse-News" data-link-name="nav2 : column-toggle-News: show">News</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" id="newsLinks" data-cy="newsLinks" class="dcr-q5d0mi">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : View all News" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-News" tabindex="-1">View all News</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/world" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : World news" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-World" tabindex="-1">World news</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/uk-news" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : UK news" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-UK" tabindex="-1">UK news</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/world/coronavirus-outbreak" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Coronavirus" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Coronavirus" tabindex="-1">Coronavirus</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/environment/climate-crisis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Climate crisis" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Climate crisis" tabindex="-1">Climate crisis</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/environment" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Environment" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Environment" tabindex="-1">Environment</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/science" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Science" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Science" tabindex="-1">Science</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/global-development" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Global development" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Global development" tabindex="-1">Global development</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/football" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Football" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Football" tabindex="-1">Football</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/technology" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Tech" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Tech" tabindex="-1">Tech</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/business" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Business" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Business" tabindex="-1">Business</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/obituaries" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Obituaries" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Obituaries" tabindex="-1">Obituaries</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-1u1zj79"></div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-9wkufx">
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
|
|||
|
|
var columnInput = document.getElementById('Opinion-button');
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {
|
|||
|
|
e.preventDefault()
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('Opinion-checkbox-input').click();
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script><input type="checkbox" id="Opinion-checkbox-input" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1m01h8y" /><label id="Opinion-button" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-143q0jf" aria-label="Toggle Opinion" for="Opinion-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="opinionLinks" tabindex="-1" role="menuitem" data-cy="column-collapse-Opinion" data-link-name="nav2 : column-toggle-Opinion: show">Opinion</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" id="opinionLinks" data-cy="opinionLinks" class="dcr-l0j1lx">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/commentisfree" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : View all Opinion" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Opinion" tabindex="-1">View all Opinion</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/profile/editorial" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : The Guardian view" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-The Guardian view" tabindex="-1">The Guardian view</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/index/contributors" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Columnists" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Columnists" tabindex="-1">Columnists</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/cartoons/archive" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Cartoons" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Cartoons" tabindex="-1">Cartoons</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/type/video+tone/comment" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Opinion videos" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Opinion videos" tabindex="-1">Opinion videos</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/tone/letters" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Letters" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Letters" tabindex="-1">Letters</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-1g3e5yw"></div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-9wkufx">
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
|
|||
|
|
var columnInput = document.getElementById('Sport-button');
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {
|
|||
|
|
e.preventDefault()
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('Sport-checkbox-input').click();
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script><input type="checkbox" id="Sport-checkbox-input" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1m01h8y" /><label id="Sport-button" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1d7or4x" aria-label="Toggle Sport" for="Sport-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="sportLinks" tabindex="-1" role="menuitem" data-cy="column-collapse-Sport" data-link-name="nav2 : column-toggle-Sport: show">Sport</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" id="sportLinks" data-cy="sportLinks" class="dcr-c2b9x3">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : View all Sport" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Sport" tabindex="-1">View all Sport</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/football" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Football" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Football" tabindex="-1">Football</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport/cricket" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Cricket" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Cricket" tabindex="-1">Cricket</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport/rugby-union" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Rugby union" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Rugby union" tabindex="-1">Rugby union</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport/tennis" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Tennis" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Tennis" tabindex="-1">Tennis</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport/cycling" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Cycling" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Cycling" tabindex="-1">Cycling</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport/formulaone" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : F1" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-F1" tabindex="-1">F1</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport/golf" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Golf" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Golf" tabindex="-1">Golf</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/sport/us-sport" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : US sports" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-US sports" tabindex="-1">US sports</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-1xpo7ux"></div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-9wkufx">
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
|
|||
|
|
var columnInput = document.getElementById('Culture-button');
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {
|
|||
|
|
e.preventDefault()
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('Culture-checkbox-input').click();
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script><input type="checkbox" id="Culture-checkbox-input" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1m01h8y" /><label id="Culture-button" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1h5dg5u" aria-label="Toggle Culture" for="Culture-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="cultureLinks" tabindex="-1" role="menuitem" data-cy="column-collapse-Culture" data-link-name="nav2 : column-toggle-Culture: show">Culture</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" id="cultureLinks" data-cy="cultureLinks" class="dcr-24b3wu">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/culture" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : View all Culture" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Culture" tabindex="-1">View all Culture</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/books" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Books" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Books" tabindex="-1">Books</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/music" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Music" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Music" tabindex="-1">Music</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/tv-and-radio" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : TV & radio" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-TV & radio" tabindex="-1">TV & radio</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/artanddesign" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Art & design" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Art & design" tabindex="-1">Art & design</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/film" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Film" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Film" tabindex="-1">Film</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/games" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Games" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Games" tabindex="-1">Games</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/music/classicalmusicandopera" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Classical" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Classical" tabindex="-1">Classical</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/stage" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Stage" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Stage" tabindex="-1">Stage</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-xeaq8b"></div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-9wkufx">
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
|
|||
|
|
var columnInput = document.getElementById('Lifestyle-button');
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {
|
|||
|
|
e.preventDefault()
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('Lifestyle-checkbox-input').click();
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script><input type="checkbox" id="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1m01h8y" /><label id="Lifestyle-button" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-8tit6v" aria-label="Toggle Lifestyle" for="Lifestyle-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="lifestyleLinks" tabindex="-1" role="menuitem" data-cy="column-collapse-Lifestyle" data-link-name="nav2 : column-toggle-Lifestyle: show">Lifestyle</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" id="lifestyleLinks" data-cy="lifestyleLinks" class="dcr-1hfpofc">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/lifeandstyle" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : View all Lifestyle" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Lifestyle" tabindex="-1">View all Lifestyle</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/fashion" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Fashion" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Fashion" tabindex="-1">Fashion</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/food" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Food" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Food" tabindex="-1">Food</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/tone/recipes" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Recipes" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Recipes" tabindex="-1">Recipes</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/lifeandstyle/love-and-sex" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Love & sex" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Love & sex" tabindex="-1">Love & sex</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/lifeandstyle/health-and-wellbeing" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Health & fitness" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Health & fitness" tabindex="-1">Health & fitness</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/lifeandstyle/home-and-garden" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Home & garden" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Home & garden" tabindex="-1">Home & garden</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/lifeandstyle/women" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Women" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Women" tabindex="-1">Women</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/lifeandstyle/men" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Men" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Men" tabindex="-1">Men</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/lifeandstyle/family" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Family" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Family" tabindex="-1">Family</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/travel" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Travel" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Travel" tabindex="-1">Travel</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/money" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Money" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Money" tabindex="-1">Money</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none">
|
|||
|
|
<form action="https://www.google.co.uk/search" class="dcr-1swdjpd">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-19jdopb">
|
|||
|
|
<label for="src-component-701678" class="dcr-0">Search input<!-- --></label>
|
|||
|
|
</div><input type="text" id="src-component-701678" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby="" required="" name="q" placeholder="Search" data-link-name="nav2 : search" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-2k4928" tabindex="-1" />
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-19jdopb">
|
|||
|
|
<label class="dcr-0">google-search<!-- --></label>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-13h94ri">
|
|||
|
|
<label class="dcr-0"><svg width="30" viewbox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
|||
|
|
<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.273 2c4.023 0 7.25 3.295 7.25 7.273a7.226 7.226 0 0 1-7.25 7.25C5.25 16.523 2 13.296 2 9.273 2 5.295 5.25 2 9.273 2Zm0 1.84A5.403 5.403 0 0 0 3.84 9.274c0 3 2.409 5.454 5.432 5.454 3 0 5.454-2.454 5.454-5.454 0-3.023-2.454-5.432-5.454-5.432Zm7.295 10.887L22 20.16 20.16 22l-5.433-5.432v-.932l.91-.909h.931Z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1m01h8y">Search</span></label>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="src-button-space"></div><button type="submit" aria-live="polite" aria-label="Search with Google" data-link-name="nav2 : search : submit" tabindex="-1" class="dcr-172pa5i"><svg width="30" viewbox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true">
|
|||
|
|
<path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1 12.956h18.274l-7.167 8.575.932.932L23 12.478v-.956l-9.96-9.985-.932.932 7.166 8.575H1v1.912Z"></path></svg></button><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" value="www.theguardian.com" />
|
|||
|
|
</form>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-1r260ka"></div>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" class="dcr-1blnjq7">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1epykun" href="https://support.theguardian.com?INTCMP=side_menu_support&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22:%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22,%22componentType%22:%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22,%22componentId%22:%22side_menu_support%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Support us" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Support us" tabindex="-1">Support us</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-1epykun" href="https://support.theguardian.com/subscribe/weekly?REFPVID=&INTCMP=undefined&acquisitionData=%7B%22source%22%3A%22GUARDIAN_WEB%22%2C%22componentId%22%3A%22PrintSubscriptionsHeaderLink%22%2C%22componentType%22%3A%22ACQUISITIONS_HEADER%22%2C%22referrerPageviewId%22%3A%22%22%2C%22referrerUrl%22%3A%22%22%7D" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Print subscriptions" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Print subscriptions" tabindex="-1">Print subscriptions</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
<section class="dcr-1blnjq7"></section>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-9wkufx">
|
|||
|
|
<script>
|
|||
|
|
<![CDATA[
|
|||
|
|
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
|
|||
|
|
var columnInput = document.getElementById('International-edition-button');
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
if (!columnInput) return; // Sticky nav replaces the nav so element no longer exists for users in test.
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
columnInput.addEventListener('keydown', function(e){
|
|||
|
|
// keyCode: 13 => Enter key | keyCode: 32 => Space key
|
|||
|
|
if (e.keyCode === 13 || e.keyCode === 32) {
|
|||
|
|
e.preventDefault()
|
|||
|
|
document.getElementById('International-edition-checkbox-input').click();
|
|||
|
|
}
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
})
|
|||
|
|
]]>
|
|||
|
|
</script><input type="checkbox" id="International-edition-checkbox-input" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" class="dcr-1m01h8y" /><label id="International-edition-button" class="selectableMenuItem dcr-vespn9" aria-label="Toggle International edition" for="International-edition-checkbox-input" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="international-editionLinks" tabindex="-1" role="menuitem" data-cy="column-collapse-International edition" data-link-name="nav2 : column-toggle-International edition: show">International edition</label>
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" id="international-editionLinks" data-cy="international-editionLinks" class="dcr-ql76aa">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/preference/edition/au" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : UK edition" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-UK edition" tabindex="-1">UK edition</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/preference/edition/us" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : US edition" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-US edition" tabindex="-1">US edition</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/preference/edition/au" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Australia edition" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-AU edition" tabindex="-1">Australia edition</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/preference/edition/eur" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Europe edition" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Europe edition" tabindex="-1">Europe edition</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-1r260ka"></div>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-3xldzj">
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" id="moreLinks" class="dcr-8ap375">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://jobs.theguardian.com?INTCMP=jobs_int_web_newheader_dropdown" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Search jobs" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Search jobs" tabindex="-1">Search jobs</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Holidays" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Holidays" tabindex="-1">Holidays</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Digital Archive" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Digital Archive" tabindex="-1">Digital Archive</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://puzzles.theguardian.com/download" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Guardian Puzzles app" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Puzzles app" tabindex="-1">Guardian Puzzles app</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://licensing.theguardian.com/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Guardian content licensing site" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Guardian content licensing site" tabindex="-1">Guardian content licensing site</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://www.theguardian.com/mobile/2014/may/29/the-guardian-for-mobile-and-tablet" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : The Guardian app" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-The Guardian app" tabindex="-1">The Guardian app</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/video" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Video" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Video" tabindex="-1">Video</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/podcasts" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Podcasts" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Podcasts" tabindex="-1">Podcasts</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/inpictures" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Pictures" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Pictures" tabindex="-1">Pictures</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/email-newsletters" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Newsletters" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Newsletters" tabindex="-1">Newsletters</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/theguardian" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Today's paper" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Today's paper" tabindex="-1">Today's paper</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://www.theguardian.com/membership" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Inside the Guardian" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Inside the Guardian" tabindex="-1">Inside the Guardian</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/observer" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : The Observer" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-The Observer" tabindex="-1">The Observer</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="https://www.theguardian.com/weekly?INTCMP=gdnwb_mawns_editorial_gweekly_GW_TopNav_Int" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Guardian Weekly" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Guardian Weekly" tabindex="-1">Guardian Weekly</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/crosswords" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Crosswords" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Crosswords" tabindex="-1">Crosswords</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-mdwiz6">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" href="/theguardian/series/corrections-and-clarifications" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : Corrections" data-cy="column-collapse-sublink-Corrections" tabindex="-1">Corrections</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-1gfhxc1">
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" class="dcr-8ap375">
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/theguardian" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="-2 -2 32 32" class="dcr-1wfuz1o">
|
|||
|
|
<path d="M17.9 14h-3v8H12v-8h-2v-2.9h2V8.7C12 6.8 13.1 5 16 5c1.2 0 2 .1 2 .1v3h-1.8c-1 0-1.2.5-1.2 1.3v1.8h3l-.1 2.8z"></path></svg>Facebook</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-olqzeg">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-aqciy5" data-link-name="nav2 : secondary : twitter" href="https://twitter.com/guardian" role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="-2 -2 32 32" class="dcr-1wfuz1o">
|
|||
|
|
<path d="M21.3 10.5v.5c0 4.7-3.5 10.1-9.9 10.1-2 0-3.8-.6-5.3-1.6.3 0 .6.1.8.1 1.6 0 3.1-.6 4.3-1.5-1.5 0-2.8-1-3.3-2.4.2 0 .4.1.7.1l.9-.1c-1.6-.3-2.8-1.8-2.8-3.5.5.3 1 .4 1.6.4-.9-.6-1.6-1.7-1.6-2.9 0-.6.2-1.3.5-1.8 1.7 2.1 4.3 3.6 7.2 3.7-.1-.3-.1-.5-.1-.8 0-2 1.6-3.5 3.5-3.5 1 0 1.9.4 2.5 1.1.8-.1 1.5-.4 2.2-.8-.3.8-.8 1.5-1.5 1.9.7-.1 1.4-.3 2-.5-.4.4-1 1-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg>Twitter</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li role="none" class="dcr-6711t4">
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="menu" class="dcr-1n4ptyc">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1yr64jd">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-15dknvq" href="https://jobs.theguardian.com?INTCMP=jobs_int_web_newheader_dropdown" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : brand extension : Search jobs" tabindex="-1">Search jobs</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1yr64jd">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-15dknvq" href="https://holidays.theguardian.com?INTCMP=holidays_int_web_newheader" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : brand extension : Holidays" tabindex="-1">Holidays</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1yr64jd">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-15dknvq" href="https://theguardian.newspapers.com" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : brand extension : Digital Archive" tabindex="-1">Digital Archive</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1yr64jd">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-15dknvq" href="https://puzzles.theguardian.com/download" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : brand extension : Guardian Puzzles app" tabindex="-1">Guardian Puzzles app</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1yr64jd">
|
|||
|
|
<a class="selectableMenuItem dcr-15dknvq" href="https://licensing.theguardian.com/" role="menuitem" data-link-name="nav2 : brand extension : Guardian content licensing site" tabindex="-1">Guardian content licensing site</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</nav>
|
|||
|
|
<aside class="dcr-1ii239v">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-112ngnh">
|
|||
|
|
<div data-print-layout="hide" data-cy="sub-nav" data-component="sub-nav" class="dcr-1nbntzu">
|
|||
|
|
<ul role="list" class="dcr-1wmzv2f">
|
|||
|
|
<li class="dcr-1spbnl8">
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/uk-news" class="dcr-9bejek">UK</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/politics" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : politics" class="dcr-9bejek">UK politics</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/education" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : education" class="dcr-9bejek">Education</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/media" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : media" class="dcr-9bejek"><span class="dcr-1j389vi">Media</span></a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/society" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : society" class="dcr-9bejek">Society</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/law" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : law" class="dcr-9bejek">Law</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/uk/scotland" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : uk/scotland" class="dcr-9bejek">Scotland</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/uk/wales" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : uk/wales" class="dcr-9bejek">Wales</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
<li>
|
|||
|
|
<a data-src-focus-disabled="true" href="/uk/northernireland" data-link-name="nav2 : subnav : uk/northernireland" class="dcr-9bejek">Northern Ireland</a>
|
|||
|
|
</li>
|
|||
|
|
</ul>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</div>
|
|||
|
|
</aside>
|
|||
|
|
<section class="dcr-1ii239v">
|
|||
|
|
<div class="dcr-1g6qn5h">
|
|||
|
|
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewbox="0 0 1300 13" preserveaspectratio="none" stroke="#DCDCDC" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-4zleql">
|
|||
|
|
<line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="0.5" y2="0.5"></line>
|
|||
|
|
<line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="4.5" y2="4.5"></line>
|
|||
|
|
<line x1="0" x2="1300" y1="8.5" y2="8.5"></line>
|
|||
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<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/social-media" data-component="section" data-link-name="article section" class="content__label__link dcr-bbic87"><span>Social media</span></a>
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<h1 class="dcr-8413l">
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Mastodon gained 70,000 users after Musk’s Twitter takeover. I joined them
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</h1>
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The platform is home to a devoted base of left-leaning communities – and no one billionaire can control it
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<picture class="dcr-4zleql"><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=620&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=620&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 980px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=700&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 740px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 740px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=700&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 740px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=620&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=620&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 660px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=645&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=645&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 480px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=465&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=465&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 320px)" /><img alt="mastodon on an iphone" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/281513378007c5f0f26f036bdf57f6af44158983/0_0_5500_3667/master/5500.jpg?width=465&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" width="465" height="309.9225" class="dcr-4zleql" /></picture>
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<path d="M4.6 12l-.4 1.4c-.7.2-1.9.6-3 .6-.7 0-1.2-.2-1.2-.9 0-.2 0-.3.1-.5l2-6.7H.7l.4-1.5 4.2-.6h.2L3 12h1.6zm-.3-9.2c-.9 0-1.4-.5-1.4-1.3C2.9.5 3.7 0 4.6 0 5.4 0 6 .5 6 1.3c0 1-.8 1.5-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg></label><input type="checkbox" id="the-checkbox" /></span>
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<figcaption class="dcr-143y8g7">
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<span class="dcr-172h6t9"><span class="dcr-1usbar2"><svg width="18" height="13" viewbox="0 0 18 13">
|
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<path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-19x4pdv">Decentralized software like Mastodon is intimidating to many users.</span> Photograph: Hollandse Hoogte/Rex/Shutterstock</span>
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<span class="dcr-l6t30p"><span class="dcr-1usbar2"><svg width="18" height="13" viewbox="0 0 18 13">
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<path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-19x4pdv">Decentralized software like Mastodon is intimidating to many users.</span> Photograph: Hollandse Hoogte/Rex/Shutterstock</span>
|
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|
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<img src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/uploads/2022/05/19/Wilfred_Chan.png?width=300&quality=85&auto=format&fit=max&s=249d35288015b69b8d3f36f57e5dac9c" alt="Wilfred Chan" class="dcr-1wujxfx" />
|
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<div>
|
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<address aria-label="Contributor info" data-component="meta-byline" data-link-name="byline">
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<div class="dcr-2ntycz">
|
|||
|
|
<a rel="author" data-link-name="auto tag link" href="//www.theguardian.com/profile/wilfred-chan">Wilfred Chan</a> <span>in New York</span>
|
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</address>
|
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<details class="dcr-1akpejr">
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<summary class="dcr-1jfftff">
|
|||
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<span class="dcr-10i63lj">Wed 2 Nov 2022 05.00 GMT</span>
|
|||
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</summary>Last modified on Wed 16 Nov 2022 10.38 GMT
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<a href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=180444840287&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_fb" role="button" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-ignore="global-link-styling"><span class="dcr-16q3bbb"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="-2 -2 32 32">
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<path d="M17.9 14h-3v8H12v-8h-2v-2.9h2V8.7C12 6.8 13.1 5 16 5c1.2 0 2 .1 2 .1v3h-1.8c-1 0-1.2.5-1.2 1.3v1.8h3l-.1 2.8z"></path></svg></span></a>
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<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=+Mastodon+gained+70%2C000+users+after+Musk%E2%80%99s+Twitter+takeover.+I+joined+them&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_tw" role="button" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-ignore="global-link-styling"><span class="dcr-16q3bbb"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="-2 -2 32 32">
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<path d="M21.3 10.5v.5c0 4.7-3.5 10.1-9.9 10.1-2 0-3.8-.6-5.3-1.6.3 0 .6.1.8.1 1.6 0 3.1-.6 4.3-1.5-1.5 0-2.8-1-3.3-2.4.2 0 .4.1.7.1l.9-.1c-1.6-.3-2.8-1.8-2.8-3.5.5.3 1 .4 1.6.4-.9-.6-1.6-1.7-1.6-2.9 0-.6.2-1.3.5-1.8 1.7 2.1 4.3 3.6 7.2 3.7-.1-.3-.1-.5-.1-.8 0-2 1.6-3.5 3.5-3.5 1 0 1.9.4 2.5 1.1.8-.1 1.5-.4 2.2-.8-.3.8-.8 1.5-1.5 1.9.7-.1 1.4-.3 2-.5-.4.4-1 1-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg></span></a>
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<a href="mailto:?subject=%20Mastodon%20gained%2070%2C000%20users%20after%20Musk%E2%80%99s%20Twitter%20takeover.%20I%20joined%20them&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_link" role="button" aria-label="Share via Email" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-ignore="global-link-styling"><span class="dcr-16q3bbb"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="0 0 32 32">
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<path d="M23.363 20.875H8.637v-8.938l6.545 5.687h1.637l6.544-5.687v8.938zm-1.635-9.75L16 16l-5.728-4.875h11.456zM23.363 9.5H8.637L7 11.125v9.75L8.637 22.5h14.727L25 20.875v-9.75L23.363 9.5z"></path></svg></span></a>
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<span class="dcr-1hpoq24"><span class="dcr-o1298p">S</span></span><span class="dcr-2v2zi4">ince Elon Musk completed his purchase of Twitter last week, some of the social media app’s users have been looking for a new home – only to find there aren’t many great options. Twitter’s co-founder Jack Dorsey is beta testing a new app called <a href="https://blueskyweb.xyz/blog/10-18-2022-the-at-protocol" data-link-name="in body link">Bluesky</a>, but there’s no launch date yet.</span>
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However, tech-savvy users are rallying around <a href="https://joinmastodon.org" data-link-name="in body link">Mastodon</a>, a six-year-old social media platform popular among a devoted base of left-leaning niche communities. Mastodon, named after the extinct tusked animal, is decentralized, which means it can’t be controlled by a single corporation or space billionaire. That’s clearly appealing to the flood of users who have signed up since Musk’s Twitter takeover, with more than 70,000 users joining Mastodon on the day after his announcement alone.
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But that’s still a drop in a bucket compared with Twitter’s reported 450 million daily active users. A big problem? Decentralized software remains difficult for many people to use.
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I joined <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/mastodon" data-component="auto-linked-tag" data-link-name="in body link">Mastodon</a> this week, and it took a few hours just to master its new vocabulary. Some of it is a little silly-sounding: instead of tweets, you have “toots”. Things get trickier after that. Mastodon is not a single website but a network of thousands of websites called “instances”, also called servers. These servers are “federated”, which means they are run by different entities but can still communicate with each other without needing to go through a central system. And the space they all exist in is called the “fediverse”, which some savvy tooters call “the Fedi”.
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<figure id="688bc9a1-62bf-4196-956a-d74268f0a50c" data-spacefinder-role="supporting" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class="dcr-1sioudk">
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<picture class="dcr-4zleql"><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=380&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 1300px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 1300px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=380&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 1300px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=300&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=300&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 980px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=620&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=620&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 660px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=605&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=605&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 480px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=445&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=445&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 320px)" /><img alt="mastodon feed screenshot" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6235112f1c7ea387de8ae499db87380d25853dd1/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=445&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" width="445" height="962.7803738317757" loading="lazy" class="dcr-4zleql" /></picture>
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</div>
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<figcaption class="dcr-q456b8">
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<span class="dcr-1usbar2"><svg width="18" height="13" viewbox="0 0 18 13">
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<path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-19x4pdv">On Mastodon, you don’t tweet – you toot.</span> Photograph: Mastodon
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
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When you sign up for Mastodon, the first thing you do is choose a server. There are general-purpose ones, such as <a href="https://mastodon.social" data-link-name="in body link">mastodon.social</a>, as well as ones aimed at interest groups, such as <a href="https://kpop.social" data-link-name="in body link">kpop.social</a> or <a href="https://linuxrocks.online" data-link-name="in body link">linuxrocks.online</a>. There are also joke servers like <a href="https://dolphin.town" data-link-name="in body link">dolphin.town</a>, where the only thing users are allowed to post is the letter “e”.
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</p>
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
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The server becomes part of your username (for example, wilfred@kpop.social), and the toots you see on your feed are toots from your server-mates, rather than from the entire fediverse. But you’re also free to toot at people from other servers and even “boost” their public toots on to your feed.
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</p>
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
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That’s how Mastodon creates a unified global experience without being controlled by one entity, said Eugen Rochko, Mastodon’s Germany-based founder and lead developer. “The servers are service providers, like Hotmail and Gmail are for email. It doesn’t mean that the different servers are isolated from each other, like old school forums,” he said. “Having just one account allows you to follow and interact with anyone in this global decentralized social network.”
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</p>
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
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But Mastodon’s model comes with its own risks. If the server you join disappears, you could lose everything, just like if your email provider shut down. A Mastodon server admin also has ultimate control over everything you do: if for some reason the owner of kpop.social doesn’t like that I boosted a toot from dolphin.town, they could remove it or even “defederate” the server, which would block all dolphin toots from the k-pop server completely. A server admin could also snoop on my private toots if they wanted to – or delete my account for any reason.
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</p>
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
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Rochko said new users should scrutinize who runs a server before they join it: “Is it an organization that has a track record, is trustworthy, is likely to be around for a long time, but also has a moderation policy?” The “good ones”, he explained, “have rules against hate speech, and provide basic necessities like backups, so if one of the admins gets hit by a bus, the server does not disappear.” Rochko added that Mastodon includes a list of vetted servers on its homepage that meet these criteria. But it’s still a tall ask for a brand new user to figure these things out on their own.
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</p>
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
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As a result, many of Mastodon’s core users have been tech experts, like stux, a 29-year-old man from the Netherlands who told me over private toots that he’s been “messing around with trying to create an alternate social platform” for “about a decade”. He runs <a href="https://mstdn.social" data-link-name="in body link">mstdn.social</a>, a server that has amassed 83,000 users over three years and costs him €358 a month, which he crowdfunds through Patreon. He also moderates it: “Many reports are very clearly breaking the rules, trolls, racists etc. But in some cases it’s two people against each other while I am the referee and try to find a good in-between.”
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</p>
|
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<figure id="76d71d45-e43a-4238-a166-c82fff3cf4d3" data-spacefinder-role="supporting" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ImageBlockElement" class="dcr-1sioudk">
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<div class="dcr-1b267dg">
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<picture class="dcr-4zleql"><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=380&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 1300px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 1300px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=380&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 1300px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=300&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 980px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 980px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=300&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 980px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=620&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 660px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 660px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=620&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 660px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=605&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 480px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 480px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=605&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 480px)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=445&quality=45&dpr=2&s=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)" /><source srcset="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=445&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" media="(min-width: 320px)" /><img alt="mastdon feed screenshot" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/2e16d15c621203f2ffd1f9f5c4dc659c4d9f94da/0_0_1284_2778/master/1284.jpg?width=445&quality=85&dpr=1&s=none" width="445" height="962.7803738317757" loading="lazy" class="dcr-4zleql" /></picture>
|
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</div>
|
|||
|
|
<figcaption class="dcr-q456b8">
|
|||
|
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<span class="dcr-1usbar2"><svg width="18" height="13" viewbox="0 0 18 13">
|
|||
|
|
<path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-19x4pdv">Most users agree that the network has a left-leaning bent.</span> Photograph: Mastodon
|
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</figcaption>
|
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</figure>
|
|||
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
|||
|
|
While technically anyone can spin up a Mastodon server, most users agree that the network has a left-leaning bent. Mastodon’s list of vetted servers include queer-themed and climate justice-oriented instances; to be included on the list, a server must agree to the <a href="https://joinmastodon.org/covenant" data-link-name="in body link">Mastodon Server Covenant</a>, which requires “active moderation against racism, sexism, homophobia and transphobia”. Rochko said his work wasn’t specifically left- or right-leaning but simply abided by “basic, basic beliefs that I have about social networks, and that is, for example, that hate speech should not be allowed”.
|
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</p>
|
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
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|
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The difference between Mastodon and a site like Twitter can feel dramatic. Elilla, a Brazilian trans woman living in Germany, said Mastodon felt much safer to her: because instances can be tightly controlled, people can have discussions without being worried about them accidentally getting broadcast to the world. “What counts as a ‘viral’ post will typically have 50 to 100 boosts. Most of my toots have two to 20 likes,” she said. “But when there’s 20 likes I know most people by name, I know their personalities and tastes and interests. There’s a feeling of reciprocity I never had on Twitter; no one is a celebrity, everyone gets read.”
|
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</p>
|
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
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|
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That’s allowed Elilla to form a caring community through which she’s found deep friendships, romantic relationships, and even jobs. When she decided to try posting erotic content, she “didn’t get hate even once”, she said – something that would be inconceivable on a public site like Twitter. “The fediverse taught me what it it’s like to have community, and the community taught me what is trans joy.”
|
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</p>
|
|||
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
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|
|
Unfortunately, Mastodon’s decentralization also means it can be repurposed by anyone for any reason. In 2019, the white supremacist social network Gab started using a version of Mastodon’s free software. Mastodon’s team couldn’t prevent Gab from doing so, but many of the largest Mastodon servers defederated the Gab servers, so that they wouldn’t be able to interact. Mastodon’s code has also been used to power Trump’s social network, Truth Social.
|
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</p>
|
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<div class="ad-slot-container ad-slot-container--im">
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<div id="dfp-ad--im" class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot-- ad-slot--im" data-link-name="ad slot im" data-name="im" aria-hidden="true" data-label="false" data-refresh="false"></div>
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</div>
|
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
|||
|
|
Despite its growing influence, Mastodon’s design makes it difficult to fund, according to Nathan Schneider, a University of Colorado Boulder researcher of tech ownership models – and that makes it unlikely to dethrone a website like Twitter. “Mastodon is a volunteer project that is largely developed by one person. And Twitter is a company apparently worth $44bn,” he said. “If a bunch of users got together and said, ‘Hey, we want to band together and create an alternative,’ their ability to access financing would be far lower than Elon Musk’s ability to access financing.”
|
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</p>
|
|||
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
|||
|
|
But perhaps the real reason it’s hard to beat Twitter is simply because it’s just where everyone is. Paris Marx, a vocal big tech critic and host of the Tech Won’t Save Us podcast, said he has tried Mastodon but couldn’t find much of an audience, unlike Twitter, where he has 35,000 followers and writes posts that often go viral.
|
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</p>
|
|||
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
|||
|
|
“It’s still an influential social media platform. And there’s not there’s not a real equivalent to it, and so people who are interested in what Twitter offers, you know, are kind of stuck here,” he said.
|
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</p>
|
|||
|
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<p class="dcr-2v2zi4">
|
|||
|
|
Unable to quit, he does the next best thing: “I block accounts that serve me ads. I don’t pay for things like Twitter Blue,” he said. “I try to make sure that I’m not too financially lucrative for them.”
|
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</p>
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</div>
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</div><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="13" viewbox="0 0 1300 13" preserveaspectratio="none" stroke="#DCDCDC" stroke-width="1" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" class="dcr-4zleql">
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<span class="dcr-m8xpdf">Topics</span>
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<a href="/media/social-media" class="dcr-dlavgv">Social media</a>
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</ul>
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<ul class="dcr-1r2wmvc">
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<li class="dcr-1jcr6mo">
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<a href="/technology/elon-musk" class="dcr-dlavgv">Elon Musk</a>
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</li>
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<li class="dcr-1jcr6mo">
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<a href="/technology/twitter" class="dcr-dlavgv">Twitter</a>
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</li>
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<li class="dcr-1jcr6mo">
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<a href="/media/socialnetworking" class="dcr-dlavgv">Social networking</a>
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</li>
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<li class="dcr-1jcr6mo">
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<a href="/technology/mastodon" class="dcr-dlavgv">Mastodon</a>
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</li>
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<li class="dcr-1jo9tsj">
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<a href="/tone/features" class="dcr-dlavgv">features</a>
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<a href="https://www.facebook.com/dialog/share?app_id=180444840287&href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_fb" role="button" aria-label="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-ignore="global-link-styling"><span class="dcr-16q3bbb"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="-2 -2 32 32">
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<a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=+Mastodon+gained+70%2C000+users+after+Musk%E2%80%99s+Twitter+takeover.+I+joined+them&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_tw" role="button" aria-label="Share on Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-ignore="global-link-styling"><span class="dcr-16q3bbb"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="-2 -2 32 32">
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<a href="mailto:?subject=%20Mastodon%20gained%2070%2C000%20users%20after%20Musk%E2%80%99s%20Twitter%20takeover.%20I%20joined%20them&body=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2022%2Fnov%2F01%2Fmastodon-twitter-elon-musk-takeover%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_link" role="button" aria-label="Share via Email" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" data-ignore="global-link-styling"><span class="dcr-16q3bbb"><svg width="32" height="32" viewbox="0 0 32 32">
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